Stem cells respiratory system

The immune windows , along with developmental windows for the respiratory system, were identified at a workshop sponsored by the USEPA and the March of Dimes (see Dietert et al., 2000 Holladay Smialowicz, 2000 Landreth, 2002). They include 1) initiation of haematopoiesis, 2) migration and expansion of stem cell populations, 3) colonization events, including bone marrow colonization, pre-T cell seeding to the thymus, T cell education, T cell repertoire establishment, then seeding of the periphery by mature T cells, 4) acquisition of immunocompetence, and, finally, 5) the... 

As more than 40 different cell types were described in the respiratory organs (Sorokin 1970), Emura et al. (1990) developed Syrian hamster (foetus on day 15 of gestation) and human (foetus of 18-22 weeks of gestation) cell systems consisting of a certain type of stem cell capable of differentiating into at least two bronchoalveolar cell types the Clara cell and the alveolar type 11 epitheUal cell. Aufderheide etal. (1994) used this M3E3/C3 hamster cell line for a new in vitro approach to study cytotoxicity and carcinogenic effects of mineral fibres (croddolite and silicon carbide). 

In 2008, scientists from a number of European countries reported on the first procedure to install a bioengineered trachea, constructed from synthetic materials and cultures produced from stem cells, in a woman with a failing respiratory system. 

P. Jungebluth, P. MacChiarini, Stem cell-based therapy and regenerative approaches to diseases of the respiratory system, Br. Med. Bull 99 (1) (2011) 169—187. 

Microtubules are of interest in nanotechnology for a number of reasons. They are tubular structures formed from the protein tubulin (Fig. 6.24), and could be used as nanochannels for the transport of liquid, or as struts to support nanostructures. However, probably the main interest stems from the fact that they are a key component of one of the main motility systems of cells found in eukaryotes (the other being muscle). This is because the motion of cilia, which are the hairlike strands that undulate to sweep fluid across the surface of organs such as the respiratory tract, depends on the sliding of subfibres formed from microtubule arrays past one another. The whiplike structures responsible for motion in many types of... 

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