Stellatic acid

Sesterterp. retigeranic acid-like retigeranic acid (Lobaria retigera (Bory) Trevis), 1869, Eumyc. from India Turner 1983) stellatic acid-like Aspergillus stellatus (Curzi) 1934, Eumyc. from Pakistan Turner 1983). 

Aspergillus stellatus. This supports its biosynthesis via cyclisation of geranyl-farnesyl pyrophosphate followed by rearrangement as shown in Scheme 3 [10]. Surprisingly, the folding pattern must be different from that involved in the biosynthesis of stellatic acid (4), a previously isolated sesterterpene metabolite of A. stellatus [11]. 

Edwards, J.G., Cambell, G., Carr, M Edwards, C.C. (1993). Shapes of cells spreading on fibronectin Measurement of the stellation of BHK21 cells induced by raising cyclic AMP, and of its reversal by erum and lysophosphatidic acid. J. Cell Sci. 104,399-407. 

Young (2-3 months old, 80-120mm long) Russian, Siberian, and stellate sturgeons [Accipcnser guddenstaedtii, A. haeri, and A. stdlatus) had a threshold of O.OOlmmol/1 for 19 amino acids (Kasumyan, 1994). 

Retinyl esters and the P-carotene are incorporated into chylomicrons and taken up mainly by hepatocytes. In the liver retinol may be stored in stellate cells as retinyl esters, oxidized to retinoic acid or liberated into cells bound to retinol-binding proteins (RBP). All E retinoic acid and its 9Z isomer have an affinity for nuclear receptors. They activate the transcription and bind as dimers to specific nucleotide sequences, present in promoters of target genes. 

Calcium, Strontium and Barium Selenocyanates have been prepared7 by dissolving the corresponding carbonates in selenocyanic acid and evaporating over sulphuric acid in vacuo. The calcium salt crystallises in groups of stellate crystals the strontium salt separates out in well-defined prisms, while the barium salt is also crystalline. 

G. Buniatian, B. Hamprecht, and R. Gebhardt, Glial fibrillary acidic protein as a marker of perisinusoidal stellate cells that can distinguish between the normal and myofibroblast-like phenotypes, Biol. Cell 87 65-13 (1996). 

M. Ohata, M. Lin, M. Satre, and H. Tsukamoto, Diminished retinoic acid signaling in hepatic stellate cells in cholestatic liver fibrosis, Am. J. Physiol. 272 G589-596... 

Triphenylmethylarsonium nitrate is prepared by the action of nitric acid on the hydroxide, a stellate mass resulting when the solution is evaporated. 

Phenylisoamylarsinic acid, CgH5.As(C5Hii)O.OH, crystallises in stellate groups of prisms, M.pt. 108° C. 

Tht fatty liver condition can be described as follows. With alcohol consumption, the liver s main source of energy (fatly acids) is replaced by alcohol. This results in accumulation of unused fatty acids, in the form of triglycerides, with the consequent deposition of these TGs as fat. This mechanism is different from the fatty liver provoked by kwashiorkor, where a fatty liver results from the failure to synthesize the apoHpopioteins needed for exporting TGs from the liver. The fatty liver of kwashiorkor is not associated with cirrhosis, but that of alcoholism is associated with conversion of stellate cells to cells resembling those of connective tissue, i-c-, fibroblasts, Stellate cells are fat-storing cells that occur In the interstitial space between the capillaries and hcpalocytcs, called the space of Disse. 

Statins, 330, 369 Stearic acid, 362-363 StearyL-CoA desahiraso, 746-747 Stellate cells, 556 Stem cells, 512, 753... 

Flint RS, Rea MA, McBride WJ (1981) In vitro release of endogenous amino acids from granule cell-, stellate cell-, and climbing fiber-deficient cerebella. J Neurochem 37 1425-1430. 

---