Stein model

Wayne, L., R. Danchick, M. Weisburd, A. Kokin, and A. Stein. Modeling photochemical smog on a computer for decision-making. J. Air Pollut. Control Assoc. 21 334-340, 1971. 

T. Ersal, B. Kittirungsi, H.K. Fathy, and J.L. Stein Model reduction in vehicle dynamics using importance analysis. Vehicle System Dynamics 47, 851-865 (2009)... 

The kinetics problems of the second category are concerned with the influence of the reactor temperature on the time-dependent behavior of the neutron flux and on the power generation. The phenomena of interest here are again short-term effects, and the importance of the delayed-neutron groups in establishing dynamically stable systems is discussed. The analytical models used in these treatments draw principally from the so-called Stein model. ... 

Palmer R G, Stein D L, Abrahams E and Anderson P W 1984 Models of hierarohioally oonstrained dynamios for glassy relaxation Phys. Rev. Lett. 53 958-61... 

Stein, P.E., et al. Crystal stmcture of ovalbumin as a model for the reactive centre of serpins. Nature 347 99-102, 1990. 

The Martinelli correlations for void fraction and pressure drop are used because of their simplicity and wide range of applicability. France and Stein (6 ) discuss the method by which the Martinelli gradient for two-phase flow can be incorporated into a choked flow model. Because the Martinelli equation balances frictional shear stresses cuid pressure drop, it is important to provide a good viscosity model, especially for high viscosity and non-Newtonian fluids. 

To be able to explain chemical reactions, students will have to develop mental models of the submicroscopic particles of the substances that undergo rearrangement to produce the observed changes. However, students have difficulty in understanding submicroscopic and symbolic representations as these representations are abstract and carmot be directly experienced (Ben-Zvi, Eylon, Silber-stein, 1986, 1988 Griffiths Preston, 1992). As a result, how well students understand chemistry depends on how proficient they are in making sense of the invisible and the untouchable (Kozma Russell, 1997 p. 949). 

Burke DH, Scales L, Andrews K, Gold L (1996) Bent pseudoknots and novel RNA inhibitors of type 1 human immunodeficiency virus (HlV-1) reverse transcriptase. J Mol Biol 264 650-666 Burrer R, Neuman BW, Ting JP, Stein DA, Moulton HM, Iversen PL, Kuhn P, Buchmeier MJ (2007) Antiviral effects of antisense morphoUno oligomers in murine coronavirus infection models, J Virol 81 5637-5648... 

FIGURE 5.10 (continued) (b) Shell-core model for clusters. (From Macknight, W.J., Taggart, W.P., and Stein, R.S., J. Polym. Symp., 45, 127, 1974. With permission of Wiley, New York.)... 

Perrin model and the Johansson and Elvingston model fall above the experimental data. Also shown in this figure is the prediction from the Stokes-Einstein-Smoluchowski expression, whereby the Stokes-Einstein expression is modified with the inclusion of the Ein-stein-Smoluchowski expression for the effect of solute on viscosity. Penke et al. [290] found that the Mackie-Meares equation fit the water diffusion data however, upon consideration of water interactions with the polymer gel, through measurements of longitudinal relaxation, adsorption interactions incorporated within the volume averaging theory also well described the experimental results. The volume averaging theory had the advantage that it could describe the effect of Bis on the relaxation within the same framework as the description of the diffusion coefficient. 

Furthermore, depletion of hepatic GSH induced chemically or by fasting augmented hepatic I/R-induced enzyme release and promoted lipid peroxidation (Jennische, 1984 Stein et al., 1991) Benoit et al. (1992) have used portacaval-shunted rats as a model of chronic hepatic ischaemia, and were able to show decreases in total levels of SOD and xanthine dehydrogenase, but no significant change in catalase or glutathione peroxidase. 

Bley, K., Gruber, B., Knauer, M., Stein, N, and Ugi, I. New Elements in the Representation of the Logical Structure of Chemistry by Qualitative Mathematical Models and Corresponding Data Structures. 166, 199-233 (1993). 

Note. In a recent paper, Miller and Stein have provided values for both C-C and C-0 bonds for a variety of coal model compounds, including bibenzyl and benzyl phenyl ether (11). Their rate constant for bibenzyl provides half-life values at 335°C and 400°C even larger than those discussed here, and it would seem on the basis of their data that at those low temperatures C-C scission in bibenzyl itself is too slow for thermal scission to be significant. 

Debierne (1914) was the first to suggest a radical reaction theory for water radiolysis (H and OH). In various forms, the idea has been regenerated by Risse (1929), Weiss (1944), Burton (1947, 1950), Allen (1948), and others. Platzman (1953), however, criticized the radical model on theoretical grounds and proposed the formation of the hydrated electron. Stein (1952a, b) meanwhile had suggested that both electrons and H atoms may coexist in radiolyzed water and proposed a model in which the electron digs its own hole. Later, Weiss (1953, 1960) also favored electron hydration with ideas similar to those of Stein and Platzman. In some respects, the theoretical basis of these ideas is attributable to the polaron (Landau, 1933 Platzman and... 

Stein EW, Grant PS, Zhu H, McShane MJ (2007) Microscale enzymatic optical biosensors using mass transport limiting nanofilms. 1. Fabrication and characterization using glucose as a model analyte. Anal Chem 79 1339-1348... 

From 1951, Moore and Stein at the Rockefeller Institute refined the quantitative separation of amino acids on Dowex-50 which led to fully automated amino acid analyses. In early models two columns were needed one of 100 cm to separate most of the acidic and monobasic monocarboxylic acids between pH 3-11 and a short, 15 cm column for the basic amino acids which were eluted at pH <7. The columns operated above room temperature to give more rapid results, and the elution was monitored automatically by quantitative ninhydrin reactions. By the late 1950s a protein hydrolysate could be analyzed overnight. 

Stewart BH, Chan OH, Lu RH, Reyner EL, Schmid HL, Hamilton HW, Stein-baugh BA and Taylor MD (1995) Comparison of Intestinal Permeabilities Determined in Multiple In-Vitro and In-Situ Models—Relationship to Absorption in Humans. Pharm Res 12 pp 693-699. 

Burns and Weaver [6] developed an MLR-based BBB permeability model using two experimental measures of BBB penetrability (brain/plasma ratio and the brain-uptake index) and 14 theoretically derived biophysical predictors based on Stein s hydrogen-bonding number and Randic s topological properties of the molecules. The final model accurately predicted the ability of test molecules to cross the BBB. 

AS 1990). Several 5-HTlA agonists have been found to produce anxiolytic effects in animal models and in human clinical trials (File et al. 1996 Krummel and Kathol 1987 Goldberg and Finnerty 1979). Furthermore, they have antidepressant effects they augment the antidepressant effects of serotonin reuptake inhibitors, and they decrease the therapeutic latency (Bouwer and Stein 1997 Artigas et al. 1996 Sussman 1998 Rickels et al. 1991 Wieland and Lucki 1990 Jenkins et al. 1990 Fabre 1990). However, results have not been uniformly positive, such as in refractory severe depression (Sussman 1998 Fischer et al. 1998)... 

Stein, M., van Lenthe, E., Baerends, E. J. and Luhitz, W. (2001a) G- and A-tensor calculations in the zero-order approximation for relativistic effects of Ni-complexes as models for the active center of [NiFej-hydrogenase./. Rhys. Chem., A 105, 416-25. 

C. Loddenkemper, S. Keller, M.-L. Hanski, M. Cao, G. Jahreis, H. Stein, M. Zeitz and C. Hanski, Prevention of colitis-associated carcinogenesis in a mouse model by diet supplementation with ursodeoxycholic acid, Int. J. Cancer, 2006, 118, 2750. 

Stein AM, Demuth T, Mobley D et al (2007) A mathematical model of glioblastoma tumor spheroid invasion in a three-dimensional in vitro experiment. Biophys J 92 356-365... 

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