Steels melting point

National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). The NIST is the source of many of the standards used in chemical and physical analyses in the United States and throughout the world. The standards prepared and distributed by the NIST are used to caUbrate measurement systems and to provide a central basis for uniformity and accuracy of measurement. At present, over 1200 Standard Reference Materials (SRMs) are available and are described by the NIST (15). Included are many steels, nonferrous alloys, high purity metals, primary standards for use in volumetric analysis, microchemical standards, clinical laboratory standards, biological material certified for trace elements, environmental standards, trace element standards, ion-activity standards (for pH and ion-selective electrodes), freezing and melting point standards, colorimetry standards, optical standards, radioactivity standards, particle-size standards, and density standards. Certificates are issued with the standard reference materials showing values for the parameters that have been determined. 

Eor the ferrite grades, it is necessary to have at least 12% chromium and only very small amounts of elements that stabilize austenite. Eor these materials, the stmcture is bcc from room temperature to the melting point. Some elements, such as Mo, Nb, Ti, and Al, which encourage the bcc stmcture, may also be in these steels. Because there are no phase transformations to refine the stmcture, brittieness from large grains is a drawback in these steels. They find considerable use in stmctures at high temperatures where the loads are small. 

Elemental arsenic normally exists in the a-crystaUine metallic form which is steel-gray in appearance and britde in nature, and in the P-form, a dark-gray amorphous soHd. Other aHotropic forms, ie, yellow, pale reddish-brown to dark brown, have been reported (1), but the evidence supporting some of these aHotropes is meager. MetaUic arsenic, heated under ordinary conditions, does not exhibit a discrete melting point but sublimes. Molten arsenic can be obtained by heating under pressure. 

Carbides of the Iron Group Metals. The carbides of iron, nickel, cobalt, and manganese have lower melting points, lower hardness, and different stmctures than the hard metallic materials. Nonetheless, these carbides, particularly iron carbide and the double carbides with other transition metals, are of great technical importance as hardening components of alloy steels and cast iron. 

DichIoro-l,3-butadiene [1653-19-6] M 123.0, b 41-43 /85mm, 98 /760mm. Crystd from pentane to constant melting point about -40°. A mixture of meso and d,l forms was separated by gas chromatography on an 8m stainless steel column (8mm i.d.) with 20% DECS (diethyleneglycolsilyl chloride) on Chromosorb W (60-80 mesh) at 60° and 80mL He/min. [Su and Ache J Phys Chem 80 659 1976.]... 

Sherardizing-the process of coating iron or steel with zinc by heating the product to be coated in zinc powder at a temperature below the melting point of zinc. 

Aluminum is the liighest melting point metal (660°C) applied by hot dipping. Aluminized steel can be used at temperatures up to SSO C without appreciable oxidation. Tliis steel has very good resistance to gases and vapors containing small quantities of sulfur dioxide and hydrogen sulfide [41,42,43]. 

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