Steels, Chrome Vanadium

Alloy steels are more resistive than carbon steels. Chrome-vanadium, chrome-vanadium-aluminum, chrome-nickel-vanadium-aluminum steels stainless steels (18 per cent chromium and 8 per cent nickel, 0 24 per cent chromium and 20 per cent nickel) and BTG metal (12 per cent chromium, 60 per cent nickel, 2.5 per cent tungsten) have been fovmd to be completely resistant. BTG metal is the special alloy developed for the Claude ammonia synthesis, where operating pressures extend to 15,000 psig and temperatures to 560°C. 

Brass.55 Chrome Vanadium Steel Tin.35 Everdur ff50. . 

The LCX is punctuated distal to the flow probe with a chrome-vanadium-steel electrode (3 mm length, 1 mm diameter). The electrode (anode) is placed in the vessel in contact with the intimal lining and connected over a Teflon coated wire to a 9 Volt battery, a potentiometer and an amperemeter. A disc electrode (cathode) is secured to a subcutaneous thoracal muscle layer to complete the electrical circuit. The intima is stimulated with 150 pA for 6 h. During this time, gradually an occluding thrombosis is formed. 

Chromium has been found particularly efficient in preventing penetration and the attack of hydrogen. Chrome-vanadium steels are used frequently for high-pressure hydrogenation reactors. These steels average about 0.30 per cent carbon, 2 per cent chromium, and 0.02 per cent vanadium. 

Here we must note that, according to studies reported by Bohme etal, [65], the forces of adhesion (and consequently the contact area) remain constant if the material of the substrate and particles are interchanged. For example, it was found that the adhesion of carbonyl iron powder to a chrome-vanadium steel was the same as the adhesion of steel powder to a surface of carbonyl iron. 

Vanadium is a metal, used in many alloys. Ferrovanadium and ferrocliromium are added to steel in order to produce chrome-vanadium steels, used for springs and transmission gears. Vanadium metal and aluminum metal are used for the important titanium alloy Ti Al V (6% Al, 4% V). The major use of vanadium, besides metallurgy, is as a catalyst in the chemical industry. Vanadium pentoxide has replaced platinum as a catalyst for the manufacture of sulfuric acid. ... 

Table 11.2. Creep rupture strength of several alloys (after [39,125,129]). The creep rupture strength iim/iooooo/T i- e., the stress needed to cause fracture in a specimen at temperature T after 10 hours (creep rupture time), is stated. The creep resistance of the ferritic steels with large amounts of vanadium and chromium is significantly larger than that of simpler steels because vanadium and chrome carbides have a better temperature stabihty. Due to their close-packed face-centred cubic structure, the creep resistance of austenitic steels is larger. The creep strength of the nickel-base superalloys IN 738 (polycrystaUine) and SC 16 (single crystalline) were estimated from Larson-Miller data...

A. Ejector nues and Pins. Ejector pins are countersunk into the ejector plate. The pins extend through the mold to the core or cavity molding surface. Pins are made from a high chrome vanadium or nitriding steel. The ejector plate also contains four push-back pins. These push the ejector plate to its back position when the mold closes so that the ejector pins and cavities are not damaged. 

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