Steel frictional behavior

The frictional behavior of 316 stainless steel is shown in Fig. 8 for sliding in air or in different atmospheres. No clear trend in the dependence of friction coefficient on environment was observed. 

Figure 9-3. Frictional behavior of oxidizable metals in air. (a) Soft metals (indium, tin). (b) Hard metals with strong oxide film (chromium, steel). (c) Copper.

Table 9-9, from Rowe and Dickert s investigation of solutions of diisopropyl dithiophosphates in n-hexadecane [19], lists the rates of wear in parallel with the coefficients of friction for steel against steel and copper against steel. A strong effect from the presence of dithiophosphate is seen for steel on steel in the sharp decrease in both the wear rates and the coefficients of friction relative to that with uncompounded hexadecane as the lubricant. For copper against steel, the wear rate decreases significantly, particularly with the metal salts of diisopropyl dithiophosphate, but the coefficient of friction is not altered systematically. Table 9-10 shows the frictional behavior of hardened alloy cast iron in the presence of decalin solutions of triphenyl phosphate and diphenyl phosphate [15]. The mechanisms governing the action of phosphates and dithiophosphates are discussed in Chapter 11. 

In this chapter, we are concerned with the difference in the macroscale frictional behavior between the MoDTC/ZDDP and ZDDP tribofiims formed on sliding steel snrfaces under bonndary Inbrication. We describe several novel and practical SPM techniqnes, snch as the AFM phase image method and the nanoindentation and nanos-oatch methods. The primary emphasis is on how to apply these methods to determine nanometer-scale stmctnial and mechanical properties. By combining a nanoprobing techniqne with a beam-based analytical method, we explain how to determine the nanometer-scale controlling factors involved in reducing friction. The relationships between nanometer-scale propaHes, micrometer-scale phenomena, and macroscale frictional effect are explained by elnddating the friction reduction due to the MoDTC additive. 

Wang H, Lu Q, Ye C, et al. Friction and wear behaviors of ionic liquid of alkylimidazolium hexafluorophosphates as lubricants for steel/steel contact. Wear. 2004. 256, 44-48. 

An explosive passes the friction pendulum test if in ten trials with the fiberfaced shoe, there is no more than local crackling, regardless of the behavior under the action of the steel shoe. 

Mu ZG, Zhou F, Zhang SX et al (2005) Effect of the functional groups in ionic liquid molecules on the friction and wear behavior of aluminum alloy in lubricated aluminum-on-steel contact. Tribol Int 38 725-731... 

Jia ZF, Xia YQ, Li JL et al (2010) Friction and wear behavior of diamond-fike carbon coating on plasma nitrided nrild steel under boundary lubrication. Tribol Int 43 474-482... 

A revealing insight into the mechanism of additive action by adsorbed films is afforded by Levine and Zisman s studies of film durability on reiterated traverse [12, 28]. The film was deposited on a clean glass microscope slide over which a clean ball of 440C stainless steel 1.27 cm in diameter was slid under load at 0.01 cm/s for a distance of 0.2 cm. Reiterated sliding consisted of successive unidirectional traverses over the same path. The coefficient of friction recorded was the smooth, steady-state value of Figure 10-9 shows the behavior of... 

Chloride interaction films were studied with the Bowden-Leben friction apparatus by Gregory [62]. Steel surfaces were treated with dry chlorine and then a slider was passed over the resulting film, either in the dry condition or lubricated with paraffin oil. Also, steel and platinum, coated with films of FeCl evaporated from ether solution, were rubbed in the presence of paraffin oil. Figure 10-18 shows the behavior... 

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