Surface preparation steel alloys

The method used for testing durability of adhesive bonds was developed at 3M by W.D. Sell (16) and is called "sustained load stress durability". The metal substrates were 2024T-3 clad or bare aluminum alloy, 5052T-4 bare aluminum alloy or 1010 cold rolled steel. The surface preparation for the aluminum alloys was either the "optimized" FPL-etch" or the H PO -anodization process (12). The steel was solvent wiped. If a primer was used, it was cured before application of the adhesive. Film... 

After suitable surface preparation, e.g. blast cleaning, low-alloy steels can be coated by paints, sprayed metal coatings, etc. and there is some evidence that such coatings last longer than on mild steel under similar conditions of exposure. ... 

Coupons of Type 304 stainless steel were prepared by mechanical abrasion and rinsed with methanol. Each sample was analyzed by XPS prior to treatment to ensure that no detectable casually-introduced chlorine was present. Two separate series of laboratory experiments were done one series (a) followed the effects of short-term contact between chlorocarbon and the alloy surface, a second series (b) investigated the effects of prolonged vapor and liquid contact with the alloy in a glass refluxer. In series (a) the clean alloy surface was swabbed using trichloroethane-soaked tissue and immediately inserted into the vacuum chamber of an XPS spectrometer for analysis. After analysis, the same coupon was exposed to the atmosphere for periods of 72 and 336 hours... 

The surface preparation procedures described in ASTM F 86 passivate stainless steels and cobalt alloys. Titanium materials do not require this passivation. It is not clear what the ideal surface for the metal implants should be, and this will continue to be an aspect of studies relating to interfaces of these materials with the body. The condition of the surface may influence ion release. 

Vazirani, H. N., Surface Preparation of Steel and Its Alloys for Adhesive Bonding and Organic Coatings, J. Adhesion, July 1969. 

The test specimens for this program were of the standard lap-shear t5q)e having a 1-in. width and a Vi-in. overlap length. Lap-joint panels 7 2 by 14 in. were fabricated by overlappingandbonding0.063-in.-thicksheets of clad 2024-T3 aluminum alloy or 301,1/2H, 2B-finish stainless steel. Manufacturer s recommendations were followed for metal surface preparation and adhesive bonding. After curing, the panels,were cut into 10 test specimens each of 1-in. width and... 

Stainless steel, or corrosion-resistant (CRES) steel, has a high chromium content (11% or higher) as the primary alloying element. There have been a large number of surface preparation methods reported in the literature. An excellent report... 

Table IV shows X-ray data (55) on the homogeneity of Pd-Ag films prepared by simultaneous evaporation from separate sources, either in conventional vacuum or in UHV, with the substrate maintained at 0°C. The second group of films was prepared using a stainless steel system incorporating a large (100 1/sec) getter-ion pump, sorption trap, etc., but deposited inside a glass vessel. By the tests of homogeneity adopted, alloy films evaporated in conventional vacuum were not satisfactory, i.e., the lattice constants were generally outside the limits of the experimental error, 0.004 A, and the X-ray line profiles were not always symmetrical. In contrast, alloy films evaporated in UHV were satisfactorily homogeneous. Further, electron micrographs showed that these latter films were reasonably unsintered and thus, this method provides clean Pd-Ag alloy films with the required characteristics for surface studies.

---