Steams juniper

Juniper Oil. The best juniper oil [8012-91 -7] is obtained from the steam distillation of the ripe cmshed, dried berries of Juniperus communis L., a shmb which grows wild in many regions of Europe, Asia, Africa, and North America. However, most commercial juniperberry oil comes from the fermented fmits as a by-product of flavors for alcohoHc beverages such as gin, brandy, Hquors, cordials, and sloe-gin. This represents the actual commercial juniperberry oil, since very Httle tme juniperberry oil is produced. A comparison of the headspace volatiles of ripe juniperberries (85) with an authentic, freshly prepared juniperberry oil (86) is shown in Table 42. 

Juniper berry oil is obtained by steam distillation of ripe fruits of Juniperus communis L. var. erecta Pursh. (Cupressaceae). It is a colorless, pale green or yellowish liquid with a characteristic, conifer-like odor, and an aromatic-bitter taste. 

The use of terpenoids, usually as mixtures prepared from plants, dates from antiquity. The several essential oils produced by distillation of plant parts contained the plant essences. These oils have been employed in die preparation of perfumes, flavorings, and medidnals. Examples are oils of clove (local anesthetic in toothache), lemon (flavoring), lavender (perfume), and juniper (diuretic). Usually essential oil production depends on a simple technology which often involves steam distillation of plant material The perfume industry of Soudiem France uses somewhat more sophisticated procedures in the isolation of natural flower oils since these oils are heat sensitive. The separation of oils from citrus fruit residues m California and Florida is done by machine. 

Gin manufacture in the United States may be carried on along with the manufacture of whiskey and spirits. Its place in this unitized operation is shown in Fig. 26. A specialized plant for the manufacture of gin is shown in Fig. 34. The process is as follows Pure spirit from the charge tank is drawn as needed to the gin still. Sufficient good-quality water is added to dilute the alcohol to about 125% proof. The juniper berries and other flavors required for a batch are placed in the gin head. High pressure steam is run through a coil in the still to cause distillation. The heads and tails are discarded, and the middle run, after dilution with distilled water in the blending tank to 80 or 90% proof, is drawn off to bottles. 

A = absolutes C = concretes and resinoids D = dry distilled oil E = expressed oil S = steam distilled oil T = tincture U = untreated (however, these products are often boiled to free them from plant material). i The wood is juniper. 

Oil Of Juniper Wood. Steam-distilled oil from wood or branches of Juniperus communis L., Cupressaceae, It is not Juniper tar. 

Turpentine, which is the sap of coniferous trees, contains in addition to terpenes a non-volatile compound of unknown structure, called abietic anhydride. When the sap is distilled with steam, there are obtained oil of turpentine and abietic acid, C19H28O2, which is non-volatile when the distillation is made without steam the residue is called rosin or colophony. Pinene is the fraction of oil of turpentine which boils at 156° it has the specific gravity 0.86 at 25°. Pinene is present in the oils of rosemary, lemon, sage, juniper, thyme, and anise, and in other essential oils. The structural formulas assigned to pinene is as follows —... 

Steams and washes are other easy ways to extract the properties of herbs into water. Steams are especially excellent for upper respiratory infections. They can be used as often as desired or needed. Wonderful steams are made from eucalyptus, juniper, or sage, as in the following recipe. 

Production By steam distillation from ripe, dried juniper berries (juniperus communis). Origin mainly South Eastern Europe. 

As early as 1978, the researchers at KNIIPP reported on the S.CO2 extraction of juniper [152] along with other herbs and spices. The organoleptic properties and GLC composition of CO2 extracted juniper berry have been reported by this author [22, 153, 154]. Calame and Steiner reported [13] that juniper berries with a 1.47% oil content by steam distillation gave a 7.2% yield after S.CO2 extraction with hexane entrainer and subsequent fractionation at 52 bar and 11°C in the subcritical mode. 

Juniperus oxycedrus is the juniper which furnishes the wood from which the tarry empyreumatio oil, known as cade oil, is obtained by destructive distillation. Huerre has submitted the same material, suitably comminuted, to ordinary steam distillation. The essential oil thus obtained comes over very slowly the yield varies from 1 6 to 3 4 per cent. The higher yield was obtained from the autumn cut wood, e oil is a dark yellow viscous liquid having the following characters —... 

Endless screw type stills are used for continuous distillation especially in Russia for the last 40 5 years. In this system, while finely powdered plant material slowly moves downward, countercurrent steam liberates and carries away the oil, which is condensed and collected in the usual way. Continuous distillation is applied by the industry to produce cedarwood, fennel, pine, juniper oils, and ethanol from fermented grapes. 

The source of cade oil is Juniperus oxycedrus or prickly cedar, a shrub or small tree native to the Mediterranean region, which grows up to about 4 m in height. The volatile oil (cade oil) is obtained by destructive distillation of the branches and wood, usually in the form of shavings or chips. The resultant distillate separates into three layers of which the uppermost dark brown viscous layer is cade oil. Rectified cade oil (the vapor of juniper tar) is obtained by steam or vacuum distillation of crude cade oil. 

---