Steady Demand

The great advantage of the absorption process over the synthesis of a by-product was its direct recovery of chlorine. Such a process or one that uses chlorine in another on-site process with steady demand is the ideal. More vigorous liquefaction is one approach to reducing the amount of chlorine value to be disposed of, and it has usually been chosen as the substitute for absorption. In this chapter, we discuss the use of gas-separation membranes as an alternative. 

The attractiveness of specific product categories, as discussed in the previous section, by and large defines the attractiveness of target markets as well. Besides its absolute size, the pharmaceuticals market comes first, because of its inherent elevated added value, the relatively high innovation rate, which leads to a steady demand for new products and for a manageable number of customers. The attributes for the agro fine chemicals market are similar, albeit less pronounced, specialty chemicals, in contrast, are needed by almost all industries and, therefore, virtually cannot be approached proactively. Also, the innovation rate in terms of new chemical entities is generally rather low, except in the electronic industry. 

A Specific Substances program reflects a steady demand from participating companies for ECETOC hosting and peer-review of their consortia-driven projects. 

The reason hemp was more valuable than cash was simple. Paper money had no value in the colonies. A thousand dollars in Virginia currency, for example, was only worth one dollar in silver. Because of the lack of faith in paper money, the American economy operated on the barter system. And because of hemp s "comparitive uniformity, its comparative freedom from deterioration, the universal and steady demand for it, and its value, which exceeded all other raw produce", it "was recognized as the standard commodity for the first three or four decades" of the new American republic. Anything and everything could be bartered for hemp, from the local newspaper to the services of stud racehorses. 

Meanwhile, in Rome, Pliny the Elder outlined a primitive method of condensation which collected oil from rosin on a bed of wool, and also made the first tentative experiments in chromatography. The Romans had developed techniques of enamelling, and made one of the most fundamental discoveries that glass could be blown. The Roman contribution to perfumes consisted mainly in making an industry of the supply of raw materials and production of a large variety of fragrances in different forms. Military conquests secured new sources and supply routes to fit the steady demands of a far-flung empire, and the key products in demand were ... 

The result was a smooth order pattern Industrial that reflected the steady demand faced by the distributors (Figure 1.8). The stabilization... 

One problem with handlii such expensive items was that small variations in the number of units sold had huge effects on annual revenues. It was hard to predict sales, and this raised complex supply problems. These fiicilities used large quantities of LSA cobalt, and, as more and more of them went into service, they would create steady demand for replacement sources. By 1965, CPD s forecast of its LSA cobalt-60 requirements anticipated steadily rising sales of irradiators and su ested that demand would soon outstrip the maximum supply which it could hope to get fi om NRX and NRU. 

The primary objective of CWS officer candidate training was, from the start, the production of combat rather than staff officers. A steady demand for lieutenants to serve with chemical mortar battalions quickly absorbed many graduates of the Second to the Eleventh Classes. Once the first phase of battalion mobilization was completed, increasing numbers of graduates... 

In addition to entrainment flooding, we need to be concerned with the turndown ratio, the maximum vapor flow divided by the minimum vapor flow. This ratio is important because it determines the flexibility of our distillation column. In an ideal world, we would want to operate our separation at full capacity all the time. In a real world, we will not always have a high, steady demand for our product, or we may have a fluctuating feedstock. In this real world, we may want to run at less than full capacity without the possibility of problems like weeping. 

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