Statistics can help

If the total number of replicates available for an experiment is limited by resources, you may need to compromise between the number of treatments and the number of replicates per treatment. Statistics can help here, as it is possible to work out the minimum number of replicates you would need to show a certain difference between pairs of means (say 10%) at a specified level of significance (say P = 0.05). For this, you need to obtain a prior estimate of variability within treatments (see Miller and Miller, 2000). 

Intellectual insight can be obtained from mathematical manipulation, and this insight is directly related to the understanding of interactions of biological units with their physical, chemical, and biological environments (Figure 4.0.1). Furthermore, mathematical constructs (such as statistics) can help to describe biological events and predict outcomes. 

Again, Brookfield s (1989) statistics can help. We compare the progeny two at a time with their mother. They must be full or half siblings, depending upon whether or not they share a father. Counting bands reveals the following results ... 

Statistics can help measure impact of interventions or innovations. 

Consider technology and the human interface when designing processes. Study history to ensure that patient safety continues to improve over time. Statistics can help measure the impact of interventions or innovations. Continuous improvement processes shift focus from an individual to a team. 

The necessity of the statistical approach has to be stressed once more. Any statement in this topic has a definitely statistical character and is valid only with a certain probability and in certain range of validity, limited as to the structural conditions and as to the temperature region. In fact, all chemical conceptions can break dovra when the temperature is changed too much. The isokinetic relationship, when significantly proved, can help in defining the term reaction series it can be considered a necessary but not sufficient condition of a common reaction mechanism and in any case is a necessary presumption for any linear free energy relationship. Hence, it does not at all detract from kinetic measurements at different temperatures on the contrary, it gives them still more importance. 

In order to appreciate how understanding new statistical concepts can help us, let us look at an example of where we can better apply known statistical concepts, to understand phenomena currently afflicting us. To this end, let us pose the seemingly innocuous question When doing quantitative calibration, why is it that we use the formulation of the problem that makes the constituent values the dependent (i.e., the Y) variable, and make the spectroscopic data the X (or independent) variable, called the Inverse Beer s Law formulation (sometimes called the P-matrix formulation) (For that matter, why is the formulation that we most commonly use called Inverse Beer s Law instead of the direct Beer s Law )... 

Statistical data can provide general information about how common a condition is, how many people have the condition, or how likely it is that a person will develop the condition. Statistics are not personalized, however—they offer estimates based on groups of people. By taking into account a person s family history, medical history, and other factors, a genetics professional can help interpret what statistics mean for a particular patient. 

For the analysis of data the laboratory shall employ appropriate statistical techniques. Analysis of the data can help to determine the root canse of existing or potential problems, and therefore indicate the corrective and preventive actions needed for improvement. 

Bayesian Statistics - Can it Help Analytical Chemists , in preparation. 

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