Stationary growth phase

Chien, C., Hung, C., and Han, C., Removal of cadmium ions during stationary growth phase by an extremely cadmium-resistant strain of Stenotrophomonas sp., Environ Toxicol Chem, 26 (4), 664-668, 2007. 

Continuous cultivation, which needs permanent multiplication of cells, seems not to be appropriate for poly(3HB) synthesis because the product is mainly formed during the stationary growth phase. But there are three opportunities, discussed below, that make continuous poly(3HB) synthesis possible. 

Weeks et al. 1979) or DNA damage (Nakamura et al. 1987) following hexachloroethane treatment. Similar results were reported for eukaryotic cells. Hexachloroethane did not cause gene mutation in cells harvested from the stationary growth phase (Bronzetti et al. 1989) or DNA damage in yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) (Simmon and Kauhanen 1978), chromosomal aberrations in fungi (Aspergillus nidulans) (Crebelli et al. 

Note that this equation will only apply during the initially exponential growth phase. As the number of cells becomes much greater, the daughter cells compete for limiting quantities of one or more nutrients. This will reduce the efficiency of cell division, and the proliferation curve will reach a plateau that is often called the stationary growth phase. 

The CM-cellulase activity of the solids fraction shows a skewed curve over the period of 4-24 hr with a maximum of 3 mg RS mL"1 min"1 around 8 hr, at which point it makes up about 50% of the activity in the whole culture broth (Figure 2). No activity could be detected in the solids fraction in the late stationary growth phase. Within experimental error, the CMC activity of the culture filtrate plus that of the culture solids equals the activity of the whole broth. Similarly, it was found for Thermoactinomyces, strain MJ0r, grown on 0.5% microcrystalline cellulose, that there was a lag before an appearance of extracellular cellulolytic activity, as compared with the activity in the whole culture broth (4). In a culture of Thermoactinomyces, strain YX, the CM-cellulase activity can be desorbed readily by washing the solids fraction with water. These wash fractions also show Avicelase activity (6). This result, and the fact... 

As shown in Fig. 6 (A,B), the synthesis of the surface-active agent took place in the late-exponential phase, achieving its maximum value at the beginning of the stationary growth phase. Therefore, it can be concluded that the biosurfactant produced by B. subtilis ATCC 6633 is a primary... 

Fig. 1. Batch growth and antibody production of Nicotiana tabacum (BY-1) cells in terms of pg 1 1 protein, wet cell concentrations, and dry cell concentrations. Dashed vertical lines represent the boundaries between lag, exponential, and stationary growth phases. The 4-day offset between peak concentrations for biomass and protein product indicates that growth and product formation are not directly linked...

However, in some cases these compounds act independent of, or contrary to, rpoS. In E. coli and S. typhimurium, the regulatory protein leuO, which is potentially involved in the regulation of many genes, is expressed when bacteria are in the process of transition from the exponential to the stationary growth phase. LeuO expression is very sensitive to the cellular level of ppGpp but not dependent on the rpoS (Fang et al., 2000). 

Table 8.1 The content of P and PolyPs in the early stationary growth phase...

P. pouchetii in a stationary growth phase was positively selected by large copepods. 

Treatment of cell suspension cultures of T. rugosum with a yeast glucan elicitor induced the production of tyrosine decarboxylase in the late exponential and early stationary growth phases of the cells. Tyrosine decarboxylase has been suggested as the key enzyme between primary and secondary metabolism in the biosynthesis of norlaudanosoline-derived alkaloids, and a good correlation between induced tyrosine decarboxylase activity and berberine biosynthesis has been established [163]. 

The influence of media components on the production of 2-methoxy-3-isopropyl and 2-methoxy-3-secbutyl pyrazines by Pseudomonas perolens (ATCC 10757) and selected mutants of this culture was studied. Pyrazine production was observed only during the stationary growth phase. The parent culture produced a maximum of 42 ng/mL pyrazines while selected mutants were found to produce a maximum of 15,760 ng/mL. The parent and mutant strains were found to exhibit similar responses to nutrient sources. Maximum pyrazine production was observed using pyruvate (1%), lactate (1%) or nutrient broth as carbon source. Nitrogen source had no influence on pyrazine production. Maximum pyrazine formation was observed when phosphate level ranged from 0.4 mM to 1.2 mM in the media. 

Naturally, a major task appears to be cellular detoxification under normal and adverse growth conditions. For example, Pdrl 2 functions in the disposal of toxic weak acid catabolites that accumulate when cells are approaching the stationary growth phase [52, 55]. Pdrl2 contributes to the export of catabolic products such as phenylacetate or other carboxylic acids derived from amino acid catabolism. In this context, Pdrl 2 may be considered as an integral part of the so-called Ehrlich pathway, in which carboxylic acids are decarboxylated to the corresponding aldehyde [55,201]. 

Stahl, G., Ben Salem, S.N., Chen, L., Zhao, B., and Farabaugh, P.J. 2004. Translational accuracy during exponential, postdiauxic and stationary growth phases in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Euk. Cell 3,331-338. 

Avoid stationary growth phase which would significantly reduce the amount of protein A. 

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