Translation accuracy

Dresios J, Derkatch IL, Liebman SW, Synetos D (2000) Yeast ribosomal protein L24 affects the kinetics of protein synthesis and ribosomal protein L39 improves translational accuracy, while mutants lacking both remain viable. Biochemistry 39 7236-7244... 

Kurland CG (1992) Translational accuracy and the fitness of bacteria. Annu Rev Genet 26 29-50 Kurland C, Huges D, Ehrenberg M (1996) Limitations of translational accuracy. In Neidhardt EC (ed) Escherichia coli and salmonella. Reviews of Physiology, Biochemistry and Pharmacology. ASM, Washington D.C. 

Thompson, R. C., EFTu provides an internal kinetic standard for translational accuracy. Trends Biochem. Sci. 13 91-93,... 

C.G. Kurland. 1992. Translational accuracy and the fitness of bacteriaRev. Genet. 26 29-50. (PubMed)... 

Structurally, the SSU rRNA can be divided into three major domains and a 3 minor domain [61,77]. The 3 minor domain is involved in translational initiation and decoding, the 3 major domain in elongation and termination, the central domain in subunit association and the 5 domain in translational accuracy [72,73,77]. 

Stahl, G., Ben Salem, S.N., Chen, L., Zhao, B., and Farabaugh, P.J. 2004. Translational accuracy during exponential, postdiauxic and stationary growth phases in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Euk. Cell 3,331-338. 

Akashi, H. (1994) Synonymous codon usage in Drosophila melanogaster. natural selection and translational accuracy. Genetics 136, 927-935. 

Scarvell, J.M., Pickering, M.R., and Smith, P.N., New registration algorithm for determining 3D knee kinematics using CT and single-plane fluoroscopy with improved out-of-plane translation accuracy. /. Orthop. Res., 28, pp. 334-340, 2010. 

The small subunit 16S rRNA also contains regions that appear to be involved in translational accuracy. In particular, substitutions at nucleotides in the so-called 530 loop lead to changes in the error rate of protein synthesis. This rRNA loop is known to be spatially near the proteins S4, S5, and SI2, and effects of nucleotide changes in the 530 loop parallel those observed for the proteins. Thus, the rRNA and proteins in this part of the small subunit together act as a proofreading domain. Substitutions at some of these nucleotides increase the rate of missense or frameshift errors, while others are detrimental because they prevent binding of the EF-Tu GTP AA-tRNA ternary complex. Still other mutations actually increase the accuracy of translation, in that they make the ribosomes resistant to error-inducing antibiotics. 

The toxins or-sarcin and ricin inactivate ribosomes by altering a highly conserved sequence in 23S-like rRNAs (the sarcin-ricin loop). Elongation factors Tu and G bind near this loop, suggesting that it is involved in AA-tRNA selection and translocation. Protein L6 and the sarcin-ricin loop are involved in translational accuracy control, as suggested by the mutations in these components that... 

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