Staphylococcal aureus

In reconstitution experiments, the self-assembly of the pore-forming protein a-hemolysin of Staphylococcus aureus (aHL) [181-183] was examined in plain and S-layer-supported lipid bilayers. Staphylococcal aHL formed lytic pores when added to the lipid-exposed side of the DPhPC bilayer with or without an attached S-layer from B coagulans E38/vl. The assembly of aHL pores was slower at S-layer-supported compared to unsupported folded membranes. No assembly could be detected upon adding aHL monomers to the S-layer face of the composite membrane. Therefore, the intrinsic molecular sieving properties of the S-layer lattice did not allow passage of aHL monomers through the S-layer pores to the lipid bilayer [142]. 

Staphylococcus aureus is responsible for a variety of skin infections which require therapeutic approaches different from those of streptococcal infections. Staphylococcal celluhtis is indistinguishable clinically from streptococcal cellulitis and responds to cloxacillin or flucloxacillin, but generally fails to respond to penicillin owing to penicillinase (/3-lactamase) production. Staphylococcus aureus is an important cause of superficial, localized skin sepsis which varies ftom small pustules to boils and occasionally to a more deeply invasive, suppurative skin abscess known as a carbuncle. Antibiotics are generally not indicated for these conditions. Pustules and boils settle with antiseptic soaps or creams and often discharge spontaneously, whereas carbuncles frequently require surgical drainage. Staphylococcus aureus may also cause... 

Once the organism has been identified and sensitivities are known, drug selection should be adjusted to reflect the susceptibilities of the organism. Streptococcal, staphylococcal, and enterococcal species sensitive to P-lactam antibiotics should be treated with continuous IP dosing to increase efficacy and minimize resistance.49 Peritonitis caused by S. aureus or P. aeruginosa are often associated with catheter-related... 

Staphylococcal endocarditis is increasing in prevalence, causing a minimum of 20% to 30% of all cases of IE, with the majority (80%—90%) being due to S. aureus (also known as... 

T Cells May Contribute to the Defects in Innate Immune Response in Atopic Dermatitis Most patients with atopic dermatitis are colonized with S. aureus and experience exacerbation of their skin disease after infection with this organism [2]. In patients with S. aureus infection, treatment with anti-staphylococcal substances can result in the reduction of skin disease. Binding of S. aureus to the epidermis is enhanced by atopic skin inflammation. This is supported by clinical studies demonstrating that treatment with topical corticosteroids or tacrolimus reduces S. aureus counts in atopic dermatitis. 

The following sections of this review will now transition into a unique group of protein toxins, the SEs and TSST-1. These proteins secreted by S. aureus vcovk in a different fashion versus the aforementioned binary toxins. In fact, these staphylococcal toxins do not enter a cell and do not directly injure the targeted cell surface. Toxin damage is insidiously indirect and caused by an over zealous response executed by the host s immune system. 

Staphylococcus aureus is known for its ability to produce a variety of toxins and many disease syndromes. One of the most frequently observed diseases is staphylococcal tonsillitis. These bacteria are frequently present on tonsils of healthy carriers. Patients that are affected by tonsillitis swallow staphylococci hidden in tonsil crypts. However, in this case staphylococci do not cause any gastrointestinal symptoms in the host organism, even if they enter the gastrointestinal tract. The barrier of gastric juice and conditions in a small intestine inhibit the outgrowth of staphylococci and toxin production -gastroenteritis is caused solely by a toxin produced outside the host organism. 

Atanassova, V., Meindl, A. and Ring, C., Prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus and staphylococcal enterotoxins in raw pork and uncooked smoked ham - a comparison of classical culturing detection and RFLP-PCR, bit. J. Food Microbiol., 68, 105-13, 2001. 

De Boer, M.L., Kum, W.W. and Chow, A.W., Staphylococcus aureus isogenic mutant, deficient in toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 but not staphylococcal enterotoxin A production, exhibits attenuated virulence in a tampon-associated vaginal infection model of toxic shock syndrome, Can. J. Microbiol., 45, 250-256,... 

Food poisoning Staphylococcus aureus staphylococcal Acts on intestinal neurones to induce vomiting... 

Staphylococcal nuclease was discovered by Cunningham and his colleagues in cultures of pathogenic strains of Staphylococcus aureus (/, 2). It was the first nuclease to be found that yielded 3 -nucleotides upon hydrolysis of polynucleotide chains 3-16). Historically, this feature of... 

They have been used prophylactically and therapeutically in the treatment of topical infections due to Staphylococcus aureus and other bacteria and fungi. In clinical trials, the nickel chelate of 3,4,7,8-tetramethyl-l,10-phenanthroline was effective against staphylococcal infection in the newborn, in patients undergoing obstetric surgery and in the treatment of adolescents infected with acne vulgaris139). 

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