Stannous chloride sulfide

Staono-. stannous, stanno-, tin(II). -azetat, n. stannous acetate, tin(II) acetate, -chlorid, n. stannous chloride, tin(II) chloride, -chlor-wasserstoffsMure, /. chlorostannous acid, -hydroxyd, n. stannous hydroxide, tin(II) hydroxide. -jodid, n. stannous iodide, tin(II) iodide. -jodwasserstoffsaure, /. iodostannous acid, -oxyd, n. stannous oxide, tin(II) oxide, -salz, n. stannous salt, tin(II) salt, -sulfid, n. stannous sulfide, tin(II) sulfide. -verbindung, /, stannous compoimd, tin(II) compound,... 

Sodium i-nitro-2-naphtholate, 13, 78 Sodium perbenzoate, 13, 86 Sodium succinate, 12, 72 Sodium sulfide, 12, 68, 76 16, 72 Soxhlet extractor, 16, 69 17, 74 Stannic chloride, 18,1 Stannous chloride, 17, 10, 11 Steam distillation, rapid, 17, 20 Stilbene, 17, 90... 

Samples are hydrolyzed with hydrochloric acid and stannous chloride solution at elevated temperature, and the evolved carbon disulfide is drawn with an air steam through two gas washing tubes in series containing lead acetate and sodium hydroxide solutions and an absorption tube containing an ethanolic solution of cupric acetate and diethanolamine. Lead acetate and sodium hydroxide remove hydrogen sulfide and other impurities. In the absorption tube, the carbon disulfide forms two cupric complexes of Af,Af-bis(2-hydroxyethyl)dithiocarbamic acid with molecular ratios Cu CS2 of 1 1 and 1 2. These complexes are measured simultaneously by spectrophotometry at 453 nm. 

Alloxantin has been obtained by the oxidation of uric acid with nitric acid, followed by reduction with hydrogen sulfide 2 by oxidation of uric acid with potassium chlorate, followed by reduction with stannous chloride by condensation of alloxan with dialuric acid in aqueous solution and by oxidation of dialuric acid. ... 

Stannous chloride is used most frequently for the reduction of nitro compounds [177, 178, 179] and of quinones [180, 181], It is also suitable for conversion of imidoyl chlorides [182] and of nitriles [183] to aldehydes, for transformations of diazonium salts to hydrazines [184], for reduction of oximes [f[Pg.30]

Halogenated nitro compoands may suffer replacement of halogen during some reductions thus 9-bromo-lO-nitrophenanthrene reduced with zinc and acid, with stannous chloride, with ammonium sulfide, or with hydrazine in the presence of palladium gave 9-aminophenanthrene (87.5% yield). Reduction to 9-bromo-lO-aminophenanthrene was accomplished with iron in dilute acetic acid (yield 35%) [278]. 

Chemical deoxygenation of sulfoxides to sulfides was carried out by refluxing in aqueous-alcoholic solutions with stannous chloride (yields 62-93%) [186 Procedure 36, p. 214), with titanium trichloride (yields 68-91%) [203], by treatment at room temperature with molybdenum trichloride (prepared by reduction of molybdenyl chloride M0OCI3 with zinc dust in tetrahydrofuran) (yields 78-91%) [216], by heating with vanadium dichloride in aqueous tetrahydrofuran at 100° (yields 74-88%) [216], and by refluxing in aqueous methanol with chromium dichloride (yield 24%) [190], A very impressive method is the conversion of dialkyl and diaryl sulfoxides to sulfides by treatment in acetone solutions for a few minutes with 2.4 equivalents of sodium iodide and 1.2-2.6 equivalents of trifluoroacetic anhydride (isolated yields 90-98%) [655]. 

Lithium aluminum hydride reduced p-benzoquinone to hydroquinone (yield 70%) [576] and anthraquinone to anthrahydroquinone in 95% yield [576]. Tin reduced p-benzoquinone to hydroquinone in 88% yield [174] Procedure 35, p. 214). Stannous chloride converted tetrahydroxy-p-benzoquinone to hexa-hydroxybenzene in 70-77% yield [929], and 1,4-naphthoquinone to 1,4-di-hydroxynaphthalene in 96% yield [180]. Other reagents suitable for reduction of quinones are titanium trichloride [930], chromous chloride [187], hydrogen sulfide [248], sulfur dioxide [250] and others. Yields are usually good to excellent. Some of the reagents reduce the quinones selectively in the presence of other reducible functions. Thus hydrogen sulfide converted 2,7-dinitro-phenanthrene quinone to 9,10-dihydroxy-2,7-dinitrophenanthrene in 90% yield [248]. 

A solution of 0.005 mol of a sulfoxide, 2.26g (0.01 mol) of stannous chloride dihydrate, and 2.0 ml of concentrated hydrochloric acid in lOml qf methanol is refluxed for 2-22 hours. The mixture is cooled, diluted with 20 ml of water and extracted with two 25 ml portions of benzene. The dried extracts are evaporated in vacuo leaving virtually pure sulfide which can be purified by filtration of its solution through a short column of alumina and vacuum distillation or sublimation. Yields are 62-93%. 

The reduction of carbazole nitro groups to the primary amines is straightforward stannous chloride, tin-hydrochloric acid, iron-hydrochloric acid" hydrogen-palladium/charcoal," hydrogen-nickel,hydrazine-palladium,and hydrazine-nickeP have all been employed. 3,6-Dichloro-l,8-dinitrocarbazole was partially reduced with sodium hydrogen sulfide to give l-amino-8-nitro-3,6-dichloro-carbazole. ... 

Preparation. Thiophosgene forms from the reaction of carbon tetrachloride with hydrogen sulfide, sulfur, or various sulfides at elevated temperatures. Of more preparative value is the reduction of trichloromethanesulfenyl chloride [594-42-3] by various reducing agents, eg, tin and hydrochloric acid, stannous chloride, iron and acetic acid, phosphoms, copper, sulfur dioxide with iodine catalyst, or hydrogen sulfide over charcoal or silica gel catalyst (42,43). 

The 3-amino isomers are more resistant towards reduction 3-amino-5-phenyl-l,2,4-thiadiazole is not affected by hydrogen sulfide or acidified potassium iodide, but does undergo decomposition under the influence of stannous chloride in acids or sodium in alcohol.126 Zinc in hydrochloric acid cleaves the heterocyclic nucleus completely, benzoic acid and hydrogen sulfide being the main products,126 while, under the same conditions, the 3-toluene-p-sulfonyl derivative yields benzal-dehyde and toluene-p-sulfonylguanidine.125... 

The ammonium chloride does not figure in the equation for the reaction, but its volatilization serves to absorb excess of heat and prevents overheating of the sulfide. The latter decomposes at a temperature not much above that at which it is formed when no ammonium chloride is present. It may be that the latter lowers the temperature at which stannous chloride combines with sulfur, and it may have some other effect in producing good crystals. Its chief function, however, seems to be that of a heat absorber. Apparently, better results are obtained with precipitated stannous sulfide than with the purchased material. 

The product of stannous chloride and the carbonylated ruthenium chloride solution gives a cationic complex with diethyl sulfide (169). 

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