Stands, definition

Franklin defined charge as positive or negative in the way we understand the loss or gain of electrons by mechanically rubbing surfaces together. His definition still stands. 

Equations 2 and 3 also stand as the definitions of and For sparingly soluble gases, however, p- ca so that from equation 1,... 

Bismuth trioxide may be prepared by the following methods (/) the oxidation of bismuth metal by oxygen at temperatures between 750 and 800°C (2) the thermal decomposition of compounds such as the basic carbonate, the carbonate, or the nitrate (700—800°C) (J) precipitation of hydrated bismuth trioxide upon addition of an alkah metal hydroxide to a solution of a bismuth salt and removal of the water by ignition. The gelatinous precipitate initially formed becomes crystalline on standing it has been represented by the formula Bi(OH)2 and called bismuth hydroxide [10361 -43-0]. However, no definite compound has been isolated. 

The direct synthetic process is described in U.S. Patent 2,772,280. A solution of 73.3 g (0.332 mol) of (3-aminoxyalanine ethyl ester dihydrochloride in 100 ml of water was stirred in a 500 ml 3-necked round-bottomed flask cooled in an ice-bath. To the above solution was added over a 30-minute period 65.6 g (1.17 mols) of potassium hydroxide dissolved in 100 ml of water. While the pH of the reaction mixture was 7 to 10.5, a red color appeared which disappeared when the pH reached 11 to 11.5. The light yellow solution was allowed to stand at room temperature for 14 hour and then added to 1,800 ml of 1 1 ethanol-isopropanol. The reaction flask was washed twice with 10 ml portions of water and the washings added to the alcohol solution. The precipitated salts were filtered out of the alcohol solution and the filtrate cooled to 5°C in a 5 liter 3-necked round-bottomed flask. To the cold, well-stirred solution was added dropwise over a 35-minute period sufficient glacial acetic acid to bring the pH of the alcohol solution to 6.0. When the pH of the solution had reached 7 to 7.5, the solution was seeded and no further acetic acid added until Crystallization of the oil already precipitated had definitely begun. The crystalline precipitate was collected on a filter, washed twice with 1 1 ethanol-isopropanol and twice with ether. The yield of 4-amino-3-isoxazolidone was 22.7 g. 

Alternatively, add pure aqueous ammonia solution (1 1) by means of a dropper pipette until a definite precipitate of iron(III) hydroxide just begins to form. Now add concentrated hydrochloric acid dropwise, stirring and allowing to stand for a minute or two after each 2-3 drops, until a clear solution is obtained then add 1.5 mL of concentrated hydrochloric acid and mix well. 

In the extraction procedure the yellow solution is allowed to stand for 10 minutes, and then extracted with 3 mL portions of a 3 1 mixture by volume of pentan-l-ol and ethyl acetate until the last extract is colourless. Make up the combined extracts to a definite volume (10 mL or 25 mL) with the organic solvent, and determine the transmittance (460 nm) at once. Construct the calibration curve by extracting known amounts of bismuth under the same conditions as the sample. 

Contamination by flies may occur directly in a factory, especially if material is allowed to stand unprotected for long periods while being held for processing. Failure to dispose of refuse promptly, particularly outside the plant, frequently creates ideal breeding and feeding places for these pests. Under such circumstances, parts of the adult vinegar fly, its larvae, or eggs, when found in the comminuted product, provide definite evidence of careless and insanitary operations. 

Figurel. Equilibrium potential / pH diagram of the Pb/H20 system at 25 °C, according to Pourbaix [10], but simplified for a = lmol L 1. The pH value is used to express the acidity of the solution. Its definition is pH = -log( H.) pH stands for the negative logarithm of the activity of the H+ ions.

Nothing more is assumed about the temperatures, and one result of Carnot s investigation is a rigorous definition of temperature. Further, let there be a cylinder and piston, of an absolute non-conductor of heat, closed at the bottom by a perfect conductor of heat, and containing the working substance—any substance, or mixture of substances, the pressure of which is uniform in all directions at all points and is a continuous function of temperature. Finally, we have a stand formed of a perfect non-conductor of heat (Fig. 7). 

Thus, if the mixture of carbon dioxide and oxygen is shaken up with water, both gases will begin to pass into solution, and their partial pressures in the gas mixture will change. When the amount of each in solution stands in a definite ratio to its partial pressure, there will be equilibrium, but the amounts dissolved will not be the same as if each gas had been separately brought in contact with the same quantities of liquid under a pressure equal to its initial partial pressure in the mixture. 

Then, one can easily describe the expressions that stands for the generation of some combinatorial entities. It is required the implementation of the following NSS E (j=l,ml,L). Depending on the definition of the logical vector L they are obtained different entities ... 

Note particularly that it is liters of solution that is used, not liters of solvent. Chemists often abbreviate the definition to merely moles per liter, but the shortening does not change the way the unit is actually defined. The unit of molarity is molar, symbolized M. Special care must be taken with abbreviations in this chapter. M stands for molar mol for mole(s). (Some authors use M to stand for molarity as well as molar. They may use italics for one and not the other. Check your text and follow its convention.)... 

An aridity definition that takes account of the relation precipitation/potential evaporation is the Aridity Index used in the Atlas of Desertification (UNEP, 1993). Four different degrees of aridity can be recognized. These are best defined using the Aridity Index (AI), calculated as the ratio P/PET, where P stands for precipitation and PET for (potential) evapotranspiration. AI values of <1.0 indicate an average annual moisture deficit. According to this criterion, four subzones can be discussed ... 

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