Staged columns inlets

Example 2.4 A material balance for the column is shown in Table 2.7. Tbe column operates at a pressure of 315 peia. The feed is 66 percent vapor at the column inlet- Tlie relative volatilities of the components at 206°F (feed plate temperature) are shown in Table 2.3. The column is equipped with a partial condenser, and the reflux ratio is 1.5. It is required to determine the number of theoretical stages. 

The chemical driving force on a stage has inlet and outlet concentrations as boundary conditions. In the enriching section below the feed plate, a flowfrom liquid to vapor occurs while in the stripping section, the direction of flow is from vapor to liquid. For the column with specified inlet and outlet compositions, the entropy production rates are... 

This technique (Fig. 3.8), which is examined in greater detail in connecdon with the upgrading of aromatic Cs cuts, is based on the use of a pseudo-countercurrent between the liquid feedstock and the adsorbent bed. The displacement of the solid is in fact simulated by means of a rotary valve with multiple inlets and outlets, which causes a gradual change ih the injection and collection points of the liquid streams in the molecular sieve placed in a rould-stage column. 

Extraction involves the transfer of components between two liquid phases, much as absorption or stripping involves the transfer of components from liquid to vapor phase or vice versa. As in vapor-liquid multistage separation processes, the device employed to carry out liquid-liquid extraction is usually a counterflow column that performs the function of a number of equilibrium stages interconnected in counterflow configuration. In each stage, two inlet liquid streams mix, reach equilibrium, and separate into two outlet liquid streams. As in vapor-liquid columns, the lack of complete equilibrium in liquid-liquid extractors is accounted for by some form of tray efficiency. Liquid-liquid extraction may also be carried out in a cascade of mixing vessels connected in series in counterflow. 

A distillation column is composed of two types of stages. Those above the inlet of fresh material terminate in a condenser, and are called tire rectifying ... 

The gas stream shown in Table 8-10 is fed to an isothermal absorber operating at 90°F and 75 psia. 90% of the n-butane is to be removed by contact with a lean oil stream consisting of 98.7 mol% non-volatile oil and the light components shown in Column 2 of Table 8-10. Estimate the composition of the product streams and the required number of theoretical stages if an inlet rate of 1.8 times the minimum is used. 

Figure 5.197. Response of the organic phase rates to a change in organic flow inlet rate. The time lags through the column can be related to the residence times on the stages.

Cobalamins, 293 Cocaine, 264,286, 297 Coenzyme Q, 283 Columns, heavily loaded, 68 Column chromatography comparison to TLC, 88-90 stages of development, 1, 2 Column, conditioning cS, 82 inlet pressure, 167 role of, 123-124... 

A typical flow diagram of a two-stage crude oil distillation system is shown in Fig. 18.14. The crude oil is preheated with hot products from the system and desalted before entering the fired heater. The typical feed to the crude-fired heater has an inlet temperature of 550°F, whereas the outlet temperature may reach 657-725°F. Heater effluent enters the crude distillation (CD) column, where light naphtha is drawn off the overhead tower. Heavy naphtha, kerosene, diesel, and cracking streams are sidestream drawoffs from the distillation column. External reflux for the tower is provided by several pumparound streams.12... 

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