Stabilized voltage power sources

Stabilized voltage power sources constitute the most widely used type of source for electronic circuits. Although most supply a constant voltage, other having a stabilized variable voltage are especially useful in the laboratory. 

The tungsten filament lamp is the most common source of visible light. This lamp requires a stable-voltage power source (Figure 5.7) and waiting for light stabilization. Such a source can power low-intensity tungsten lamps of the type used in electric torches. 

An electronically stabilized power source may show an idealized voltage-current diagram according to the right side curve. The output voltage remains constant U = U l at all load conditions I < Isc, and in the short-circuit-condition I = Isc, U drops down to zero. At point A, the output power is P UNL Isc, four times the maximum output power of a linear circuit at identical values for UNL and Isc. 

Right side electronically stabilized power source with constant output voltage UNL and current limitation at /sc, maximum output power at point A. 

Debe, M. et al.. High voltage stability of nanostructured thin film, J. Power Sources, 161, 1002, 2006. 

Kiihnel, R. S., and A. Balducci. 2014. Comparison of the anodic behavior of aluminum current collectors in imide-based ionic liquids and consequences on the stability of high voltage supercapacitors. Journal of Power Sources 249 163-171. 

Weingarth, D., A. Foelske-Schmitz, and R. Kotz. 2013. Cycle versus voltage hold— Which is the better stability test for electrochemical double layer capacitors Journal of Power Sources 225 84-88. 

The plant operator historically has performed transient and steady-state stability analyses of the offsite power system which were documented in the Safety Analysis Report (SAR). However, abnormal occurrences at several operating plants indicated that a sustained undervoltage condition of the offsite power source not detected by the existing loss of voltage relays could result in failure of redundant safety-related equipment. 

Debe MK, Schmoeckel AK, Vemstrran GD, Atanasoski R (2006) High voltage stability of nano-structured thin film catalysts for PEM fuel cells. J Power Sources 161 1002—1011... 

Stabilized power source for a tungsten lamp allowing the output voltage, the maximum level of which depends on that of the Zener, to be selected. 

Figure 14.19. Scanning electron microgrqihs of typical NSTF catalysts as fabricated on a microstructured catalyst transfer substrate, seen (top) in cross-section with original magnification of xlO, 000, and (bottom) in planview with original magnification of x50, 000. The dotted scale-bar is shown in each micrograph [141]. (Reprinted from Journal of Power Sources, 161(2), Debe MK, Schmoeckel AK, Vemstrom GD, Atanasoski R, High voltage stability of nanostructured thin film catalysts for PEM fuel cells, 1002-11, 2006, with permission from Elsevier.)...

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