Sputnik

Tritium has also been observed in meteorites and material recovered from sateUites (see also Extraterrestrial materials). The tritium activity in meteorites can be reasonably well explained by the interaction of cosmic-ray particles and meteoritic material. The tritium contents of recovered sateUite materials have not in general agreed with predictions based on cosmic-ray exposure. Eor observations higher than those predicted (Discoverer XVII and sateUites), a theory of exposure to incident tritium flux in solar flares has been proposed. Eor observations lower than predicted (Sputnik 4), the suggested explanation is a diffusive loss of tritium during heating up on reentry. 

First artificial satellite, Sputnik, in orbit (Soviet Union). 

After Sputnik, the number of universities granting the Ph.D. degree in chemistry more than doubled. The growth was spurred mainly by federal support. Around 1968, however, there was a downturn in research and development (R D) funding and the recession-aided weakening of the chemicaljob market. By 1975, academic openings in chemistry were relatively scarce (Skolnik Reese, 1976). 

So my question is, who will do the work How can we attract more U.S.-born students into graduate study in science and engineering if it becomes necessary, which it might We really need ideas. Will it happen naturally Some of us are in science and engineering because of our reaction to Sputnik and what our teachers told us in reaction to Sputnik. Reactions like that that can occur again. 

Post-WWII. After WWII most LP R D shifted from Germany to the USA and the USSR. Technical progress since 1945 in LP for rockets can be characterized by a host of minor improvements rather than major advances, and some spectacular applications of LP in rockets for military use and for space exploration, eg, in ICBM s (Intercontinental Ballistic Missiles) and in USA USSR Moon, Mars Venus shots . Thus the major developments since WWII have been primarily in the application of existing, though improved, propulsion systems to such highly publicized rockets as Sputnik, Vanguard, Soyuz, Saturn, Vostok, Apollo, Explorer, etc... 

Rocketry and Space Exploration, VanNostrand, NY(1958) ll)F.G.Grieger, Behind the Sputniks, Public Affairs Press,... 

The ClinLab flow cell Sputnik [123] was originally developed for H PLC applications but is a separate device which in principle can be combined with every amperometric detector which is designed for three-electrode operation (Figure 4.74). Two PEEK capillaries and three electronic plugs are the only external interfaces. 

Figure 4.74 Photograph of an electrochemical flow cell (model Sputnik )...

Chain-Growth Copolymers Conducting Polymers The Need for Polymers in Electronics The Influence of Sputnik Slimming Up References Cited Other Reading... 

Rocketry and Space Exploration," VanNostrand, NY(1958) ll)F.G.Grieger, "Behind the Sputniks, Public Affairs Press, Washington,DC(1958) 12)E,Bialborski, "Raketen, Satelliten, Raumschiffe, Urania-Verlag, Leipzig(1958) 13)H.S.Seifert,... 

Precollege Education Standards for Science I have been involved for more than 40 years, since before the days of the wake-up call of the Soviet Sputnik of October 4, 1957, in advocating and working toward the improvement of precollege education in science. A notable contribution was my participation as a Member of the National Commission on Excellence in Education in the preparation and issuance of the influential report A Nation at Risk. ... 

Agree or disagree with the following statement The 1957 launching of the Russian satellite Sputnik caused important changes in the American educational system. ... 

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