Spurr resin

After exhaustive washing in water, the delignified material is dehydrated in acetone, dissected into shives (groups of adhering fibers) and embedded in Spurr resin. This material is designated as holocellulose. 

Wood which has been hydrolyzed in 72% sulfuric acid for 3h at 70°C is washed exhaustively in water, dehydrated in acetone, and embedded in Spurr resin. Measurements of refractive index are made in the same way as described above. In addition, an assessment of porosity is carried out as follows For sections mounted in glycerol, o.p.d. is measured in the regions to be compared, e.g., S3 and S2. These measurements are then converted to effective thickness values using the following equation ... 

Spurr resin 26 g Nonenyl Succinic Anhydride (NSA), 10 g Vinyl-4-cyclo hexene dioxide (ERL 4206), 4 g DER 736, and 0.4 g 2-Dimethylamino-thanol (DMAE) (see Note 6). 

Spurr Resin impregnation kits are available from Polysciences Ltd., Handelsstr. 3, Postfach 1130, D-6904 Eppelheim, Germany. These kits contain the chemicals and some of the equipment that is needed. However, the chemicals are supplied in significant mis-proportions for the resin standard mixture used, so it is more cost effective to purchase the individual chemicals. 

Jim, C. Y., 1985. Impregnation of moist and dry unconsolidated clay samples using Spurr resin for microstructural studies. J. Sed. Petrol. 55 597-599. 

Spurr Resin (soluble in xylene) with four-part kit ... 

Embed the specimen in a low viscosity resin (e.g. Spurr resin). 

Lauchli, A., Spurr, A.R. Wittkop, R.W. (1970). Electron probe analysis of freeze substituted, epoxy resin embedded tissue for ion transport studies in plants. Planta, 95, 341-50. 

Spurr, A.R. (1969). A low-viscosity epoxy resin embedding medium for electron microscopy. Journal of Ultrastructural Research 26 31. 

Fig. 6 Transmission electron micrograph (TEM) of the cross-section of a PDMAAm(poly-dimethylacrylamide)-b-PST(polystyrene) block-graft-copolymerized surface stained in iodine vapor, a Spurr s resin, b PST layer, c PDMAm layer, d dithiocarbamate (DC)-derivatized PST film...

UMEs used in our laboratory were constructed by sealing of carbon fibre into low viscosity epoxy resin (see Fig. 32.4) [118]. This method is simple, rapid and no specialised instrumentation is required. Firstly, the fibres are cleaned with this aim. They are immersed in dilute nitric acid (10%), rinsed with distilled water, soaked in acetone, rinsed again with distilled water and dried in an oven at 70°C. A single fibre is then inserted into a 100- iL standard micropipette tip to a distance of 2 cm. A small drop of low-viscosity epoxy resin (A. R. Spurr, California) is carefully applied to the tip of the micropipette. Capillary action pulls the epoxy resin, producing an adequate sealing. The assembly is placed horizontally in a rack and cured at 70°C for 8h to ensure complete polymerization of the resin. After that, the electric contact between the carbon fibre and a metallic wire or rod is made by back-filling the pipette with mercury or conductive epoxy resin. Finally, the micropipette tip is totally filled with epoxy resin to avoid the mobility of the external connection. Then, the carbon fibre UME is ready. An optional protective sheath can be incorporated to prevent electrode damage. 

Carbon fibres of 7 pm diameter (Donnay, Belgium) epoxy resin (Kit A.R. Spurr, CA) pipette tips mercury copper wires oven. 

The brominated sticks are embedded in Spurr epoxy resin (Spurr 1969) and sectioned with a diamond knife or glass knife mounted on an ultramicrotome to give cross sections of 0.15//m thickness for TEM-EDXA or 0.5//m thickness for SEM-EDXA. The sections are then placed on a carbon-coated collodion film on the specimen support grid. The specimens are carbon-coated again to avoid charging. 

For ultra-structural assessment, a sample from the mid-portion of the LV of each heart is cut into smaller pieces ( 0.5 mm ) prefixed in 3% glutaraldehyde, 0.1 M sodium acidulate, and 2% formaldehyde then postfixed in 1% osmium tetroxide and 0.1 M sodium cacodylate dehydrated in a graded series of ethanol and embedded in Spurr s resin and polymerized overnight at 60°C. 

For LM and TEM, the treated apical meristems were fixed frozen in 2.5% glutaraldehyde in 0.1 M phosphate buffer pH 7.2 at 4°C overnight. Control unfrozen samples were also fixed in the same way. For TEM, tissues were postfixed in 1% OSO4 in water for 2 h, dehydrated in a graded ethanol-acetone series and embedded in low-viscosity Spurr s resin. Sections were stained with uranyl acetate followed by lead citrate and examined in a Zeiss EM109T transmission electron microscope. For LM, sections were stained with Sudan Black B (Sigma S 2380 Cl 26150) and Toluidine blue O (Sigma T 3260 Cl 52040). 

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