Sponge products

Both systems are designed to cut rubber efficiently from sheeting to form a variety of finished rubber and foam/sponge products. 

The process is operated in heated, batch reactors under an inert atmosphere. Two companies (Deeside Titanium, North Wales, and New Metals Industries, Nihongi, Japan) operate a one-stage process. Reactive Metals Industries Company, Ashtabula, OH, operates a two-stage process in the first stage, at 230°C, the trichloride and dichloride are formed. In the second, more sodium is added and the temperature is raised to 1,000°C. The sponge product is mixed with sodium chloride, which is leached out with dilute hydrochloric acid. Based on the work by M. A. Hunter at Rensselaer Polytechnic, New York in 1910. See also Kroll. 

It has been suggested that oroidin (135) and dibromophakellin (137) might be biogenetically related through a dihydrooroidin-type (138) intermediate, via an overall derivation of both sea sponge products from proline and histidine (181). 

Roy PK, Bhatt A, and Rajagopal C (2003) Quantitative risk assessment for accidental release of titanium tetrachloride in a titanium sponge production plant. Journal of Hazardous Materials 102 167-186. 

The most Important distinction is between closed- and open-cell foams. In closed-cell (unicellular) foams, each gas bubble is separated from the others by thin walls of polymer these foams are optimal for flotation applications, structural rigidity, and thermal insulation. In open-cell foams, the cells are all interconnecting, and fluids and especially air can flow freely through the foam structure these are optimal for sponge products and for soft flexible materials. In the extreme case, when the last few remaining cell walls (windows) have been chemically dissolved out of an open-cell foam, it is sometimes called "reticulated."... 

As described above (see Section VILA), soluble ChE and oxime together detoxify OP compounds. These features were combined to developed a sponge product composed of ChE (FBS-AChE and EqBChE), organophosphate hydrolase (rabbit or bacterial OPH), oxime (2-PAM or HI-6), and polyurethane foam combinations for the removal and decontamination of OP compounds from medically important biological surfaces such as skin. This is an important extension of the bioscavenger approach to external decontamination and protection against organophosphate toxicity, since currently... 

In sponge production, 1, 2-PBD can be loaded with fillers and cured with sulfur, while EVA cannot be cured with sulfur, only with peroxide. Figure 3 shows the cure curves obtained with a JSR Curelastometer using sulfur curing system. The cure rate of 1, 2-PBD is similar to that of SBR. 

Moriarty (1968) discussed a relatively low temperature process for the preparation of some rare earth metals using lithium as the reductant for the trichlorides in sealed containers. This results in a metal sponge product that requires a melting step to achieve consolidated metal. The process, while successful in the laboratory where it was developed, has not been generally used elsewhere. 

A titanium sponge production process was originally developed by KrolP - 27.28, 29 using titanium tetrachloride and magnesium. The technique has since been applied to zirconium, 30,31,32 33 vanadium, and... 

Fig. 6.18. Melting and sublimation of slag from vanadium sponge production (Foley, E., Ward, M. and Hock, A. L. Ref. 34).

Iron Sponge Product Iron Oxide Particulates 30.60 17.70... 

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