Splicing Control

Mu Y, Otsuka T, Horton AC, Scott DB, Ehlers MD. 2003. Activity-dependent mRNA splicing controls ER export and synaptic delivery of NMDA receptors. Neuron 40 581-594. 

I to III), NR 1-2 (C2 only) and NR 1-4 (no Cl or C2) there is little NR 1-3 (Cl only) mRNA (Luque et al., 1994 Tolle et al., 1995a,b). NRl-b (exon 5 insertion) RNA is found mainly in dorsal horn neurons in laminae II and III, but also in some neurons in layers 1 and Il-outer, and in some laminae IV and V cells (Tolle et al., 1995a) (Fig. 20). Ventral horn motor neurons have mainly NRl-a, NR 1-2 and NR I-4 RNAs. NRl-1 RNA, which gives no ventral horn signal on X-ray film autoradiography, is enriched in the nuclei of motor neurons this may reflect part of the splicing control mechanism, and that this RNA is not available for translation (Tolle et al., 1995a,b). 

A Cascade of Regulated RNA Splicing Controls Drosophila Sexual Differentiation... 

Light wave technologies provide a number of special challenges for polymeric materials. Polymer fibers offer the best potential for optical communications in local area network (LAN) applications, because their large core size makes it relatively cheap to attach connectors to them. There is a need for polymer fibers that have low losses and that can transmit the bandwidths needed for LAN applications the aciylate and methacrylate polymers now under study have poor loss and bandwidth performance. Research on monomer purification, polymerization to precise molecular-size distributions, and weU-controlled drawing processes is relevant here. There is also a need for precision plastic molding processes for mass prodnction of optical fiber connectors and splice hardware. A tenfold reduction in the cost of fiber and related devices is necessaiy to make the utilization of optical fiber and related devices economical for local area networks and tlie telecommunications loop. 

Splicing into the existing series of thermocouples was not attempted in order to avoid possible interference with the normal control functions of the ARC. Pressure readings were obtained by tapping directly into the pressure transducer of the ARC. In this case, an amplifier had to be interposed between the ARC and the data acquisition board in order to boost the signal. Finally, the thermocouple and the amplified pressure transducer wires were... 

The processing of hnRNA molecules is a site for regulation of gene expression. Alternative patterns of RNA splicing result from tissue-specific adaptive and developmental control mechanisms. As mentioned... 

In addition to affecting the efficiency of promoter utilization, eukaryotic cells employ alternative RNA processing to control gene expression. This can result when alternative promoters, intron-exon splice sites, or polyadenylation sites are used. Occasionally, heterogeneity within a cell results, but more commonly the same primary transcript is processed differendy in different tissues. A few examples of each of these types of regulation are presented below. 

The mammalian FGF receptor family includes at least four different gene products, with additional diversity generated by alternative splicing. To date, 18 mammalian FGFs have been identified and have been shown to be involved in the control of a variety of biological responses... 

A fusion splice is a connection in which minimal losses can be obtained. Such a connection is made in a fibre optic splicer (usually controlled by a computer). Two fibres are put into an electric arc where they melt and create a low-loss splice. The splice obtained must be covered with a protective layer in order to prevent the junction from the damage and from the influence by the environment. 

FIGURE 11-7 Gene structure of AChE. Alternative cap sites in the 5 end of the gene allow for alternative promoter usage in different tissues. Skeletal-muscle-specific regulation is controlled by the intron region between Exons 1 and 2. Exons 2, 3 and 4 encode an invariant core of the molecule that contains the essential catalytic residues. Just prior to the stop codon, three splicing alternatives are evident 1, a continuation of exon 4 2, the 4-5 splice and 3, the 4-6 splice. The catalytic subunits produced differ only in their carboxy-termini and are shown in the lower panel. (Modified with permission from reference [24].)... 

Traynelis, S. F., Hartley M. and Heinemann, S. F. Control of proton sensitivity of the NMDA receptor by RNA splicing and polyamines. Science 268 873-876,1995. 

HDAC9 is the predominant member of the class II HDAC family expressed in heart (Zhang et al, 2002). Its major product was shown to encode the splice variant MEF2-interacting transcription repressor/histone deacetylase-related protein (MITRIHDRP), which lacks the enzymatic domain but forms complexes with both HDACI and HDAC3 (Zhou et al, 2000 Zhou et al, 2001) and has been recently implicated in skeletal muscle chromatin acetylation and gene expression under motor innervation control (Mejat et al, 2005). 

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