Spindle-tree

Spindel,/. spindle pivot, axle, arbor, -baum, 2. spindle tree (Pharm.) eyionymuB. -faser, /, spindle flber. 

Finally, a group of lectins having a complex, sugar specificity that has yet to be established includes agglutinins from the red kidney-bean (Phaseolus vulgaris),218 the spindle tree(Evonymus europaea L.),217 the scarlet runner-bean (Phaseolus coccineus L.),218 Vicia graminea,219,220 and the meadow mushroom (Agaricus bisporus).221... 

The fruit of Euonymus europaeus (the European spindle tree) and the bark of Euonymus atropurpureus (Wahoo bark) have cathartic and emetic activity, due to sesquiter-penoids and cardiac glycosides that they contain. 

Hero Id DA, Wahl R, Maasch HJ, Hausen BM, Kunkel G. Occupational wood-dust sensitivity from Euonymus euro-paeus (spindle tree) and investigation of cross reactivity between E.e. wood and Artemisia vulgaris pollen (mug-wort). Allergy 1991 46(3) 186-90. 

Euonymus europaeus (spindle tree) Tripterygium wilfordii (Lei gong teng) Chenopodium ambrosioides (American wormseed)... 

Hemlock Conium maculatum Spindle tree Euonymus europaeus... 

Euonymus, spindle tree. Trees, shrubs, and vines. 

Rose-of-Sharon, Hibiscus Salvia, Salvia Sapphire flower, Browallia Sedum, Sedum Shrub verbena, Lantana Silk tree, Albizia Snakeroot, Cimicifuga Snapdragon, Antirrhinum Speedwell, Veronica Spindle tree, Euonymus Spirea. Spiraea Spruce, Picea Spurge, Euphorbia, Pachysandra Stonecrop, Sedum Strawflower, Helichrysum Sunflower, Helianthus... 

K. P. van den Bergh, P. Proost, J. van Damme, J. Coosemans, E. J. van Damme, and W. J. Peumans, Five disulfide bridges stabilize a hevein-type antimicrobial peptide from the bark of spindle tree (Euonymus europaeus L.), FEES Lett., 530 (2002) 181-185. 

Romerian spindle trees also show times of occurrence as well as indicating the numbers of species — in this case within families of carnivores — but this time the lines do join, sometimes with more surety than others, and here there is the implication of genetic... 

Another butenolide, siphonidin (102) and its glucoside, siphonoside, have been isolated from the leaves of Siphono-don australe (Celastraceae) (Wagner and Flitsch, 1981 Wagner et al., 1981). A new butenolide, isosiphonodin [3-hydroxymethyl-2(5H)-furanone] (103) and a small amount of siphonidin (102) were isolated from fifth-instar larvae of Yponomeuta cagnagellus. The larvae of this moth feed on the foliage of the spindle-tree, Euonymus europaeus (Celastraceae) (Fung et al., 1988). 

Fung, S. Y., W. M. Herrebout, R. Verpoorte, and F. C. Fischer, Butenolides in small ermine moths, Yponomeura spp. (Lepidop-tera Yponomeuridae), and spindle-tree, Euonymus europaeus (Celastraceae), J. Chem. Ecol., 14, 1099-1111 (1988). 

Fusain is fossil charcoal, a coal lithotype sometimes called mother-of-coal . Fusain is dominated by the inertinite maceral group (see coal) and composed of carbon rich, partially oxidised plant remains. The material has no fuel value but produces a velvety black pigment, similar to charcoal. However, this can also refer to a charcoal crayon made of the wood of the spindle tree (Euonymus europaeus L.), called in French fusain, and drawings made thereof (OED, 2002, citing nineteenth century examples). 

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