Spill countermeasures

When using helicopters, spray buckets are available in many sizes from about 500 to 2,000 L. If applied at a dispersant-to-oil ratio of 1 20, 10,000 to 40,000 L of oil could be treated. If the slick were 0.5 mm thick, this would cover about 10,000 to 40,000 m2 (or about 0.01 to 0.04 km2). Each bucket would take about 1 to 2 hours to fill and spray over the oil. As a spill countermeasure, this rapid coverage of such a large area is appealing. 

The use of burning as an oil spill countermeasure involves a series of trade-offs between concerns over the emissions produced, the environmental impact of a spill, the advantages of being able to remove large amounts of oil in a short period of time, and maintaining the safety of both spill workers and the source of the spill. 

Many feel that emulsification is the second most important behavioral characteristic of oil after evaporation. Emulsification has a very great effect on the behavior of oil spills at sea. As a result of emulsification, evaporation of oil spills slows by orders of magnitude, spreading slows by similar rates, and the oil rides lower in the water column, showing different drag with respect to the wind. Emulsification also significantly affects other aspects of a spill. Spill countermeasures are quite different for emulsions as they are hard to recover mechanically, to treat, or to bum. 

Fingas, M. (2011). Chapter 13- Weather Effects on Oil Spill Countermeasures, in Oil Spill Science and Technology, F. Mervin, Editor Gulf Professional Ihibhshing Boston, 339-426. 

Spec plan. See Spill prevention control and countermeasure plan. 

Spill prevention control and countermeasure plan (SPCC Plan) Toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP)... 

Spill prevention control and countermeasures plan (if required)... 

Guidelines for the Preparation and Implementation of a Spill Prevention Control and Countermeasure Plan (SPCC) EPA 40 CFR part 112.7... 

Is a spill prevention control and countermeasures plan (SPCC) required If so, IS a valid one m place ... 

Provides chemical information to assist response to emergencies involving spills of hazardous materials. Contains chemical, physical, and biological data, and specific response-oriented information (c.g., countermeasures). Developed by (he U.S. Coast Guard. 

Spill Prevention Control and Countermeasure Data Base System... 

All owner or operator who has already prepared a Spill Prevention Control and Countermeasures (SPCC) plan need only amend tliat plan to incorporate hazardous waste management provisions sufficient to comply with tliis section... 

Compare and note tlie differences between a spill prevention control and countermeasure pltm and the emergency response plan of Title 111. 

Spill Prevention, Control, and Countermeasures (SPCC) 1974 Encourages pollution prevention and cleanup of waters by requiring plans from onshore facilities that can potentially discharge oil and other pollutants in harmful quantities into or on U.S. navigable waters... 

Those federal regulations of interest and importance for addressing subsurface environmental issues in chronological order of establishment include the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA), Spill Prevention, Control and Countermeasure (SPCC), the Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA), the Resource, Conservation, and Recovery Act (RCRA), the Clean Water Act (CWA), the Toxic Substance Control Act (TSCA), the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA), the Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act (SARA), the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FTFRA), and the Petroleum Safety Act (PSA). These regulations are discussed below. 

Spill Prevention, Control, and Countermeasures (SPCC) 40 CFR Part 112... 

Finding 4. The closure plan is incomplete in that it does not sufficiently address contingencies such as control of spills, dust, or special materials such as asbestos, nor does it specify countermeasures for mitigation of these potential situations. Moreover, the hazardous waste management units (HWMUs) at JACADS and the Red Hat Storage Area differ in the chemicals to be analyzed, their management and associated... 

U.S. Army. 2001b. Spill Prevention Control and Countermeasure (PL-15). Prepared by Washington Demilitarization Company, April 30. Aberdeen Proving Ground, Md. U.S. Army Program Manager for Chemical Demilitarization. 

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