Spike oil

Present in citronella and valerian oils, tur penline, ginger, rosemary and spike oils. It is produced artificially by the elimination of hydrogen chloride from bornyl chloride (artifi cial camphor) or from isobornyl chloride, by the dehydrogenation of borneol and isobor-neol and by the action of elhanoic anhydride on bornylamine. Chiral. 

Spicy fragrances Spider Spiegel eisen Spiegler-Kedem Spier s catalyst Spike Spike oil... 

Lavender Oil Spike. Also known as spike oil, lavender oil spike is obtained by steam distillation of the flowering tops of l vandula latijolia Vik., which grows wild and is also cultivated throughout the Mediterranean region, with most production in Spain and France. There was a time when spike oil, particularly Spanish lavender oil [8016-78-2] found extensive use in soap perfumery however, with the introduction of the less expensive lavandin oil, a hybrid of tme lavender (L. angustifolid) and L. latijolia, utilization of spike oil in perfumery has been reduced appreciably. French spike oil, a more dehcate version, still finds considerable use in functional and industrial perfumery. A comparison of the volatiles of a commercial Spanish oil and a... 

Table 44. Components of a Lab-Distilled and Commercial Lavender Spike Oil ...

Spike oil increases the sp>-cific gravity and lowers llie rotation the solubility remaiuR tbe same. 

Spanish lavender oil behaves like spike oil, but has a lose marhad influence on the rotation. 

Rosemary oil also causes similar alterations to spike oil, but renders the lavender oil less soluble. 

Pnre spike oil will dissolve io 3 to 3. f> volumes of 70 per cant. Or ia 3 to 4 volumes o( 65 per cent, alcohol to a perfectly clear solution. 

For hundreds of years the essential oil of lavender has been well appreciated for perfumery purposes [72]. Lavender oil is obtained by steam distillation from the fresh-flowering tops of Lavandula angustifolia Miller (Lavandula officinalis Chaix) [73]. It is a colourless or pale yellow, clear liquid, with a fresh, sweet, floral, herbaceous odour on a woody balsamic base [73, 74]. According to the European Pharmacopoeia, characteristic components of lavender oils are limonene, cineol, 3-octanone, camphor, linalool, linalyl acetate, terpinen-4-ol, lavandulyl acetate, lavandulol and a-terpineol. Adulterations commonly include blends of lavender oils with lavandin oil or spike oil, and the addition of synthetic linalool and linalyl acetate. In contrast, genuine lavender oils contain as main constituents (i )-linalyl acetate and (i )-linalool of high enantiomeric purity (Fig. 17.14). 

Quality Assurance To monitor recovery and ensure analytical accuracy, analyze blanks, spiked blanks, and a spiked oil with each digestion set. 

Camphene is a solid terpene. The dextro variety d-camphene is found in camphor, ginger and spike oils, and the levo variety, 1-camphene is in citrondla and valerian oil and in French and American turpentine. Bornylene does not occur in nature but has been prepared from the alcohol corresponding to it known as Borneol or Borneo camphor. This, as previously stated, may be prepared from pinene so that Bornylene itself may be made from pinene. Fenchene, also, is not found in nature but is obtained by reduction of fenchone a terpene ketone found in fennel oil and in Thuja oil. 

In Fig. 6.46 the experiments to reveal the origin of linalool from a commercially available spike oil are compared [107]. While enantioselective analysis detects the R(80%) S(20%) enantiomeric ratio, indicating a blend with synthetic racemate, the amount of synthetic racemate caimot be calculated, owing to a conceivable partial racemization of linalool during the processing of Lavandula oils. By means of enantio-IRMS investigation the blend of linalool from different origin is proved [R(-26.1 S(-30.67 J], whereas simple IRMS-analysis [R-i-S(-27.07g )] even sim-... 

Fig. 6.46 cGC-lRMS (A), enantioselective (B) and enantio-IRMS measurements (C) from an adulterdated spike oil (from ref [107])... 

Analysis of Metal Spiked Oil Blends Using Microwave Acid Digestion for Metals Content... 

Factitious Oil of Spike. Oil of turpentine, 3 pints oil of lavender, 1 pint mix. Used by enamelcrs to mix their colors... 

Horae Embrocation. Take i ounce each of oil of. spike, oil of monarda (Uorsemint), ami strong ammonia water ounce acetate of opium, 1 ounce chloroform, 2 ounce.s tincture of camphor, 1 ounce oil or origanum, and 2 ounces oil of camphor. This is sfud to bo an excellent preparation. 

Antimony as triphenylstibine was added to two crude oils and a No. 2 heating oil in amounts ranging from 14 to 273 ng/g. The spiked oils along with their unspiked counterparts were analyzed using the proposed method. The results are presented in Table 4.1. Based on 23 replicate analyses at a concentration of 65 ng/g or less, the standard deviation was 8.6 ng/g. 

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