Sphingomyelin ceramide derivatives

It was also demonstrated that ceramides derived from sphingomyelin breakdown mediated by ASM are used for ganglioside biosynthesis, up to the generation of GD3. Indeed, lymphoblastoid cells derived from Niemann-... 

Kolesnick RN (1991) Sphingomyelin and derivatives as cellular signals. Prog Lipid Res 30 1—38 Kolesnick RN, Goni PM, Alonso A (2000) Compartmentahzation of ceramide signaling physical founda-... 

The answer is b. (Murray, pp 230-267. Scriver, pp 2297-2326. Sack, pp 121-138. Wilson, pp 287—320.) The most common sphingolipid in mammals is sphingomyelin. Ceramide, the basic structure from which all sphingolipids are derived, is composed of the 18-carbon sphingosine connected via its... 

Elevations in levels of sphingomyelin, ceramides, and cholesterol esters have been reported in the spinal cords of ALS patients and in a transgenic mouse model (Cu/ZnSOD mutant mice) (Cutler et al., 2002). Increase in sphingomyelin, ceramides, and cholesterol esters generation of their lipid mediators and interplay among phospholipid, sphingolipid, and cholesterol-derived lipid mediators intensify neuroinflammation and oxidative stress in ALS (Farooqui, 2009a). 

Valeur et al (1994) elucidated the principal cleavage pathways of sphingomyelin in positive ion PSP. Sphingomyelin from bovine milk, bovine brain and chicken egg yolk were analysed by reversed-phase HPLC-PSP-MS. Spectra of individual molecular species showed prominent ceramide-derived fragment ions as well as ions of long-chain base (LCB) and carboxylic acid origin of the ceramide unit. 

Ceramides Derived from Human Plasma Sphingomyelins J. Lipid Res. 10(1) 47-55 (1969) ... 

Sphingolipids are derivatives of ceramide (N-acylsphingosine, compare Chapter 1.4). Most eukaryotic glycolipids and the phospholipid sphingomyelin contain ceramide as the hydrophobic backbone. 

Another group of naturally occurring lipids with applications in liposome technology is comprised of the sphingophospholipids (mainly sphingomyelin) which are derivatives of ceramides [17]. Sphingomyelin (SM) is found in the outer leaflet of plasma membranes [17] and has many similarities with PC since they both have the same zwitterionic polar group and two hydrophobic acyl chains. 

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