Sphingolipids trafficking

Slimane, T.A., Hoekstra, D. 2002. Sphingolipid trafficking and protein sorting in epithelial cells. FEES Lett. 529, 54. 

Use of unnatural sphingolipid analogs to elevate endogenous ceramide levels in tumor cells by interfering with ceramide trafficking... 

A typical feature of caveola-mediated endocytosis is the formation of non-coated invaginations composed of detergent-resistant membrane components rich in cholesterol and sphingolipids, known as lipid rafts [56]. The importance of the caveola-mediated mechanism in the PTD-mediated internalization was confirmed in an experiment where the cellular uptake of Tat peptide was affected by drugs that either disrupt lipid rafts or alter caveolar trafficking [57]. Moreover, Tat-PTD-fused protein showed colocalization with a marker of caveolar uptake, caveolin, further strengthening the importance of the mechanism in the PTD-mediated internalization [57]. 

Lipid rafts are structurally and functionally unique microdomains in the cell membrane surface that function as sites for key membrane activities, such as endocytosis, cell adhesion, and membrane trafficking. Lipid rafts, tightly packed areas of sphingolipids and cholesterol compared to the surrounding areas, have been reported in exosomal membranes derived from stem cells (Tan et al., 2013). Also, ceramide is used for the generation of another population of ILVs that are not destined for transport to the lysosomes but are secreted as one class of exosomes (Trajkovic et al., 2008). 

This asymmetric Mannich-type reaction was successfully applied to the synthesis of (1 J ,31 )-N-(3-hydroxy-l-hydroxymethyl-3-phenylpropyl) dodecanamide (HPA-12), which is the first compound that specifically inhibits sphingomyelin synthesis in mammalian cells, and is also expected to act as a drug that inhibits intracellular trafficking of sphingolipids (Scheme 3.27). ... 

Hackstadt, T. Scidmore, M. A. Rockey, D. D. Lipid metabolism in Chlamydia trachomatis-ialecteAcells directed trafficking of Golgi-derived sphingolipids to the chlamydial inclusion. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci U.S.A 1995, 92, 4877 881. 

Bahia, T Kok, J. W. Hulstaert, C. de Weerd, H. Hoekstra, D. Differential metabolism and trafficking of sphingolipids in differentiated versus undifferentiated HT29 cells. Int. J. Cancer 1993, 54, 839-845. 

Scidmore, M. A. Fischer, E. R. Hackstadt, T. Sphingolipids and glycoproteins are differentially trafficked to the Chlamydia trachomatis inclusion. J. Cell Biol. 1996,134, 363-374. 

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