Spermiogenesis during

Sung, M. T., and Dixon, G. H. (1970). Modification of histones during spermiogenesis in trout a molecular mechanism for altering histone binding to DNA. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 67 1616-1623. 

Radioactivity ( H or "C-1,2-dibromoethane) was detected in spermatozoa collected approximately 1 week following the initial oral dose (Amir 1973). These results indicate that 1,2-dibromoethane exerts spermicidal action during the process of spermiogenesis and sperm maturation. This conclusion was supported by the evidence that the percentage of sperm abnormalities was highest when little 1,2-dibromoethane radioactivity could be detected in sperm. In addition, reduction in sperm concentration was more pronounced in adult bulls than in young bulls, and the period of recovery was longer in adult animals (Amir 1975). In another study, bulls were fed 2 mg/kg/day 1,2-dibromoethane for 12 months followed by 4 mg/kg 1,2-dibromoethane every other day until they reached the age of 14-16 months. The semen samples examined revealed low sperm density, structural abnormalities, and low mobility (Amir and Volcani 1965). Sperm production returned to normal as early as 10 days postexposure (Amir and Lavon 1976 Amir et al. 1977). 

Beyond the modulation of eukaryotic gene expression, histone acetylation has also been functionally linked to histone deposition during DNA replication (see Ref. [146] for a review) and in the displacement/replacement of histones by protamines during spermiogenesis in those vertebrate (see Ref. [147] for a review) and invertebrate organisms [148] whose sperm chromatin consists of protamines [118]. 

Marquardt DL, Walker LL, Wasserman SI (1984) Adenosine receptors on mouse bone marrow-derived mast cells functional significance and regulation by aminophylline. J Immunol 133 932-937 Meyerhof W, Mueller-Brechlin R, Richter D (1991) Molecular cloning of a novel G-protein-coupled receptor expressed during rat spermiogenesis. FEBS Lett 284 155-160 Mueller C (2003) Medicinal chemistry of adenosine A3 receptor ligands. Curr Topics Med Chem 3 445-462... 

Meyerhof, W, Muller-Brechlin, R., and Richter, D. (1991). Molecular cloning of a novel putative G protein coupled receptor expressed during rat spermiogenesis. FEES Lett, 254 155-160. 

Roberts, T. M., Pavalko, F. M. and Ward, S. (1986) Membrane and cytoplasmic proteins are transported in the same organelle complex during nematode spermiogenesis. J. Cell Biol. 102 1787-1796. 

Gautier-Courteille, C., Salanova, M. and Conti, M. (1998). The olfactoiy adenylyl cyclase III is expressed in rat germ cells during spermiogenesis. Endocrinology 139, 2588-2599. 

Kato, Y, N. Hamajima, H. Inagaki et al. Post-meiotic expression of the mouse dihydropyrim-idinase-related protein 3 (DRP-3) gene during spermiogenesis. 51(1),... 

Andre (1962) has studied mitochondrial differentiation during nebenkern formation in 50 animal species and has presented detailed observations for the sperm of the rat, a gastropod Testacella and the butterfly Pietis brassicae. In all species, the mitochondria exhibit normal ultrastructure during early spermiogenesis, but later they become highly modified. 

Marti HH, Katschinski DM, Wagner KF, Schaffer L, Stier B, Wenger RH. Isoform-specific expression of h3q)oxia-inducible factor-la during the late stages of mouse spermiogenesis. Mol Endocrinol 2002 16 234—243. 

Kleene KC, Distel RJ, Hecht NB. Translational regulation and deadenyladon of a protamine mRNA during spermiogenesis in the mouse. Dev Biol 1984 105 71-79. 

Kleene KC. Poly(A) shortening accompanies the activation of translation of five mRNAs during spermiogenesis in the mouse. Development 1989 106 367-373. 

Bloch, D. P., Brack, S. D. Evidence for the cytoplasmic synthesis of nuclear histone during spermiogenesis in grasshopper Chortophaga viridifasdata (de Geer). J. Cell Biol. 22, 327—340 (1964). 

Das, C. C., Kaufmann, B. P., Gay, H. (1) Autoradiographic evidence of synthesis of an arginine-rich histone during spermiogenesis in Drosophila melanogaster. Nature (Lond.) 204, 1008—1009 (1964). 

Kaye, J. S., McMaster-Kaye, R. The fine structure and chemical composition of nuclei during spermiogenesis in the house cricket. I. Initial stages of differentiation and the loss of nonhistone protein. J. Cell Biol. 31, 159—179 (1966). 

Monesi, V. Autoradiographic evidence of a nuclear histone synthesis during mouse spermiogenesis in the absence of detectable quantities of nuclear ribonucleic acid. Exp. Cell Res. 36, 683—688 (1964). 

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