Spermiogenesis

Sung, M. T., and Dixon, G. H. (1970). Modification of histones during spermiogenesis in trout a molecular mechanism for altering histone binding to DNA. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 67 1616-1623. 

Radioactivity ( H or "C-1,2-dibromoethane) was detected in spermatozoa collected approximately 1 week following the initial oral dose (Amir 1973). These results indicate that 1,2-dibromoethane exerts spermicidal action during the process of spermiogenesis and sperm maturation. This conclusion was supported by the evidence that the percentage of sperm abnormalities was highest when little 1,2-dibromoethane radioactivity could be detected in sperm. In addition, reduction in sperm concentration was more pronounced in adult bulls than in young bulls, and the period of recovery was longer in adult animals (Amir 1975). In another study, bulls were fed 2 mg/kg/day 1,2-dibromoethane for 12 months followed by 4 mg/kg 1,2-dibromoethane every other day until they reached the age of 14-16 months. The semen samples examined revealed low sperm density, structural abnormalities, and low mobility (Amir and Volcani 1965). Sperm production returned to normal as early as 10 days postexposure (Amir and Lavon 1976 Amir et al. 1977). 

Beyond the modulation of eukaryotic gene expression, histone acetylation has also been functionally linked to histone deposition during DNA replication (see Ref. [146] for a review) and in the displacement/replacement of histones by protamines during spermiogenesis in those vertebrate (see Ref. [147] for a review) and invertebrate organisms [148] whose sperm chromatin consists of protamines [118]. 

Marquardt DL, Walker LL, Wasserman SI (1984) Adenosine receptors on mouse bone marrow-derived mast cells functional significance and regulation by aminophylline. J Immunol 133 932-937 Meyerhof W, Mueller-Brechlin R, Richter D (1991) Molecular cloning of a novel G-protein-coupled receptor expressed during rat spermiogenesis. FEBS Lett 284 155-160 Mueller C (2003) Medicinal chemistry of adenosine A3 receptor ligands. Curr Topics Med Chem 3 445-462... 

Kornakova, E.E. and Joffe, B.l. (1999) A new variant of the neodermatan-type spermiogenesis in a parasitic turbellarian, Notentera ivanovi (Platyhelminthes) and the origin of the Neodermata. Acta Zoologica 80, 135-151. 

Watson, N.A. and Rohde, K. (1993a) Ultrastructure of sperm and spermiogenesis of Kronborgia isopodicola (Platyhelminthes, Fecampiidae). International Journal for Parasitology 23, 737-744. 

Platyhelminths - Eucestoda. In Reproductive biology of invertebrates, vol. II Spermiogenesis and sperm function, ed. K. G. Adiyodi R. G. Adiyodi, pp. 131-49. John Wiley Sons London. 

Schmitt-John T, Drepper C, Mussmann A, Hahn P, Kuhlmann M, Thiel C, et al. Mutation of Vps54 causes motor neuron disease and defective spermiogenesis in the wobbler mouse. Nat Genet 2005 37(11) 1213-1215. 

A family of basic proteins associated with the chromatin in the nucleus of the cell. Protamines are characterized by a high content of arginine and replace histones in the process of spermiogenesis. See Lewis, S.D. and Ausid, J., Protamine-like proteins evidence for a novel chromatin structure, Biochem. Cell Biol. 80, 353-361,2002 Meistrich, M.L., Moha-patra, B., Shirley, C.R., and Zhao, M., Roles of transition nuclear proteins in spermiogenesis, Chromasoma 111, 483 88, 2003 Aoki,... 

Korst HA, Brandes JW, Littmann KP. Potenz- und Spermiogenesestorungen durch Propafenon. [Disturbances of potency and spermiogenesis due to propafenon.] Dtsch Med Wochenschr 1980 105(34) 1187-9. 

Meyerhof, W, Muller-Brechlin, R., and Richter, D. (1991). Molecular cloning of a novel putative G protein coupled receptor expressed during rat spermiogenesis. FEES Lett, 254 155-160. 

Roberts, T. M., Pavalko, F. M. and Ward, S. (1986) Membrane and cytoplasmic proteins are transported in the same organelle complex during nematode spermiogenesis. J. Cell Biol. 102 1787-1796. 

FIG. 2. Scheme of mammalian spermatogenesis showing the premeiolic and meiotic stages of spermatogenesis and postmeioiic spermiogenesis with the development and maturation of the spermatozoa. 

Gautier-Courteille, C., Salanova, M. and Conti, M. (1998). The olfactoiy adenylyl cyclase III is expressed in rat germ cells during spermiogenesis. Endocrinology 139, 2588-2599. 

Oakberg, E. F. (1956a), A description of spermiogenesis in the mouse and its use in analysis of the cycle of seminiferous epithelium and germ cell renewal. Am. J. Anat. 99, 391-413. 

Yabuta Y, Ohta H, Abe T, Kurimoto K, Chuma S, Saitou M. TDRD5 is required for retrotiansposons silencing chromatoid body assembly and spermiogenesis in mice. J Cell BioL 2011 192 781-95. 

Endler JA (1982) Pleistocene forest refuges fact or fancy In Prance GT (ed) Biological diversification in the tropics. Columbia Univ Press, New York, p 641 Franz6n A (1956) On spermiogenesis, morphology of the spermatozoon, and biology of fertilization among invertebrates. Zool Bidr Upps 31 355-482... 

Lindsley DL, Grell EH (1969) Spermiogenesis without chromosomes in Drosophila melanogaster. Genetics 61 46-67... 

---