Sperm hyperactivation

Neill, J. and Olds-Clarke, P. (1987). A computer-assisted assay for mouse sperm hyperactivation demonstrates that bicarbonate but not bovine serum albumin is required. Gamete Res. 78 121-140. 

De Lamirande E, Gagnon C. 1993. Human sperm hyperactivation in whole semen and its association with low superoxide scavenging capacity in seminal plasma. Fertil Steril 59 1291-1295. 

Uhler, M.L., Lermg, A., Ghan, S.Y.W. and Wang, G. (1992). Direct effects of progesterone and antipiogesteione on human sperm hyperactivated motflily and acro-some reaction. Fertil. Sterd. 58, 1191-1198. 

Fertilization is the fusion of the sperm and ovum. The sperm head binds to the plasma membrane of the egg (oolemma), and the entire spermatozoon enters the cytoplasm of the ovum. Only capacitated spermatozoa with intact acrosomes can enter and pass through the cumulus oophorus. The acrosome is a membrane-bound, cap-like structure covering the anterior portion of the sperm nucleus. The acrosomal reaction is the release of materials that lyse the glycoprotein coat (zona pellucida) surrounding the ovum. This is necessary for fertilization to take place. Before undergoing the acrosomal reaction, sperm go through a type of hypermotility called hyperactivation. The... 

Okunade, G.W., Miller, M.L., Pyne, G.J., Sutliff, R.L., O Connor, K.T., Neumann, J.C., Andringa, A., Miller, D.A., Prasad, V., Doetschman, T., Paul, R.J., Shull, G.E., 2004, Targeted ablation of plasma membrane Ca2+-ATPase (PMCA) 1 and 4 indicates a major housekeeping function for PMCA1 and a critical role in hyperactivated sperm motility and male fertility for PMCA4. J Biol Chem 279, 33742-33750. 

Boatman, D.E and Robbins, R.S. (1991). Bicarbonate Carbon-dioxide regulation of sperm capacitation, hyperactivated motility, and acrosome reactions. Biol. Reprod. 44 806-813. 

Olds-Clarke, P. (1989). Sperm from tw32 -i- mice Capacitation is normal, but hyperactivation is premature and nonhyperactivated sperm are slow. Dev. Biol, 757 475-482. 

Wolf, D.E., Hagopian, S.S., and Isogima, S. (1986). Changes in sperm plasma membrane lipid diffusibility after hyperactivation during in vitro capacitation in the mouse. J. Cell Biol. 

FIGURE 22.4 Effects of AM356 on hyperactivated motility sperm (HA) during incubation for 6 h. (a) Incidence of HA in sperm cultured in control medium, (b) Incidence of HA in sperm treated with AM356 (0.25 nM) (closed circles) and (2.5 nM) (open circles). Data expressed as percent of control values. The effects of AMS 56 on HA at 2.5 nM were significantly different from those produced by AMS 56 at (0.25 nM) p <. 05, ANOVA). N = 6 experiments using sperm from 3 different donors. (From Schuel H et al. 2002. Mol Reprod Dev 63 376-387. With permission.)... 

Burkman LJ. 1990. Hyperactivated motility of human spermatozoa during in vitro capacitation, in Gagnon E, Ed. Controls of Sperm Motility. Boca Raton, FL CRC Press, pp. 304-329. 

Rgure 5. The steps for which mammalian spermatozoa must be capacitated and hyperactivated. The simplified scheme shows the events that affect, and the processes in the female genital tract that are regulated by, sperm capacitatlon. Bold colored arrows represent sequence of events. Thin black arrows represent modulation of processes. (Taken with permission from Jaiswal and Eisenbach [80].)... 

Burkman, L.J. (1990). Hyperactivated motility of human spermatozoa during in vitro capadtation and implications for fertility, in Gontrols of Sperm Motility Biological and Clinical Aspects (C. Gagnon, ed.), pp. 303-329. CRC Press, Boca Raton. 

DeMott, R.P. and Suarez, S.S. (1992). Hyperactivated sperm progress in the mouse oviduct. Biol. Reprod. 46, 779—785. 

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