Controlled medium

Polymerization. Isothermal polymerizations were conducted in 1/8" molds controlled at the stated isothermal temperature. Below lOO C circulating water was the temperature control medium whereas circulating air was used above 100 C. Reactants were... 

In order to define the conditions of the growing cultures, buffered medium (VL) inoculated with E, coli ATCC 11775 and supplemented with nitrate, glucose and DMA was incubated at 37 C, and pH, nitrite concentration, nitrate concentration, cell growth and nitrosamine formation were followed (Fig. 1). Within 2 hrs, >90% of the nitrate is converted to nitrite (some of the nitrite is further reduced) and over 8 hrs the pH drops from 7.3 to 6.0. This would indicate that in experiments carried out for 20 hrs or more the control medium should be adjusted to pH 6.0 to 6.5 and nitrite should be added rather than nitrate. Such a control medium (VL) was supplemented with nitrite and DMA and NDMA formation was followed (Fig. 2). It can be seen that even without the addition of cells the rate of nitrosation is 4 fold greater than... 

Vacuum Atomization 40-70 Broad size distribution Ni, Co superalloys, Al, Cu, Fe alloys 102 5-100 -0.9 Spherical, smooth,clean particles Difficult to control, Medium EE... 

The concentration of TNT in the control medium incubated without plants did not change significantly during the experiment (Nepovim et al. 2005). 

Figures presented in various sections apply to experiments in which pure cultures have been irradiated in a controlled medium. In actual practice one is faced with the problem of producing an arbitrarily defined level of commercial sterility in an undefined medium with a mixed population. Commercial sterility can mean anywhere from 10 8 to 10 ia organism/g. depending on the product and type of contamination. Systematic data which would give the detailed shape of the survival curve in the region of commercial interests are nonexistent. The results of a number of experiments in which workers claimed to have achieved sterility are tabulated in Table VII. In nearly all cases insufficient data were obtained to allow a satisfactory statistical evaluation. Furthermore, differences and confusion in the dosimetry make the data rather approximate.

Fig. 11.12. The use of gel microdroplets and flow cytometry to assay drug sensitivity of bacterial cells. The figure shows side scatter and green fluorescence contour plots of gel microdroplets (GMDs) containing E. coli cells that have been stained with fluorescein isothiocyanate for total protein. The microdroplets have been analyzed in the flow cytometer either at time 0 or 2 h after incubation in control medium (left plots) or medium containing penicillin (right plots). A model system was created by mixing two strains of bacteria (susceptible or resistant to penicillin). The data show that a small subpopulation of resistant cells could be detected within 2 h because of its rapid growth in comparison to susceptible cells. From Weaver et al. (1991).

Fig. 22. Effect of increasing concentrations of EM-652, EM-800, hydroxytamoxifen (OH-TAM) or tamoxifen (TAM) on the proportion of cycling MCF-7 cells after exposure to BrdUrd. Three days after plating at an initial density of 0.85 x 105 per 10-cm2 well, cells were pretreated for 3 days with the indicated concentrations of compounds in the presence (B) or absence (A) of 0.1 nME2 before changing to fresh medium containing the same compounds and 10 pM BrdUrd. Cells were then harvested after 2 days, fixed, and stained with the dye Hoechst 33358. The percentage of BrdUrd-positive cells was calculated as described by Simard et al, (1997a). Data obtained with control medium alone in the presence or absence of 0.1 nME2 are indicated on the Y axis. Data are expressed as described in the legend of Fig. 20 (Simard et al., 1997a).

However there would usually be no need to use fluorides other than the ones discussed in detail in this section to fix the acidity or basicity of HF to establish a controlled medium for synthetic purposes. NaF can be used to adjust the basicity of HF from H0 values of about —10 (0.1 molal NaF) to about —12 (0.001 molal). On the acidic side of neutrality NbF5, TaF5 and SbF5 cover Ho values from about —15 to beyond —22. There could be advantages in using BF3 or even the weaker... 

By exploring the effects of changing mass velocity, radius of the tube, and temperature of the control medium, an optimum set of conditions can be determined. In addition to these variables, the diameter of catalyst pellets and the pressure are sometimes disposable parameters, and can be adjusted to improve the performance of the reactor. 

It is expected that a combination of environmental control, medium design, the control of growth factor-regulated gene expression and genetic modification of the cell will enable huge advances to be made in animal cell productivity. 

In practice, a positive control (medium with added test sample) and a negative control (medium without it) are inoculated simultaneously, and the rate and extent of growth arising in each should be similar. However, the negative control without the test sample, is, in effect, exactly the same as the growth promotion control that is also described in the test procedure, so, for the organisms concerned, it is not necessary to do both. 

Fig. 8-92. Separation of organic acids in a fermentation culture filtrate. — Separator column IonPac ICE-AS1 eluent 0.001 mol/L octanesulfonic acid flow rate 1 mL/min detection suppressed conductivity injection 50 pL sample (diluted 1 50) (A) three days after inoculation with 2 106 cells, (B) control medium (taken from [72]).

Figure 5. Differentiation of Helianthus tuberosus Explants in Culture. Explants were cultured as described by Markland and Haddon (25). A, control medium B, xylogenic medium. Explants were collected after 4 days of incubation, stained with Safferin O and photographed under phase contrast microscopy.

Viscosity measurements were determined with a rotating spindle viscometer (Haake Model VT23) in a temperature-controlled medium. 

Figure 3. Accumulation of pyruvate and lactate in the medium following exposure of cells to 0 , 15 , 50 T, 150 , or 500 + /iM furazolidone. Exposure was started at t=0 and ended at t=16 hr. At t=16 and t=24 hr the medium was replaced with control medium. Adapted from ref. 66.

Figure 5. Formation of protein-bound metabolites in hepatocytes exposed to 50 fxM furazolidone, radiolabeled in the nitrofuran ( ) or AOZ part ( ) of the molecule as indicated. After t=12 hr, exposure was ended by replacing the drug containing medium by control medium. Adapted from ref. 81.

Fig. 28. Growth of Human Burkitt Lymphoma cells in RPMI containing 10% fetal bovine serum. (A) Control medium, (B) Control medium + 0.5% (Wt/Vol.) polymer 3. (C) Control medium + 0.5% (Wt./Vol.) polymer 12. Measurement by hemocyto-meter...

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