Speculative Capacity

Speculation refers to decisions (regarding inventory or capacity) made in advance of demand realization. Price variation may suggest use of speculation as a strategy, with purchases during low price points in anticipation of price increases. Long lead times for supply may suggest buffer safety stock and thus speculative inventory. Uncertain demands may require capacity buffers or speculative capacity. Product supply disruptions may imply stocks to be purchased whenever product is available. Seasonal demand or supply may demand that products are purchased and inventoried when in season. Inventories may also have to be held to smooth production. 

the supply chain audit question is Can speculative capacity or inventory be used to improve supply chain performance  

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Offshore facility Speculative capacity (Honduras) Customized add-[Pg.123]

In the general spectrum of host-parasite relationships, there is considerable parasite-induced host variability resulting in perturbed host physiology, biochemistry, and developmental behavior (8, 21, 22). There is a wide range of speculation that the parasite has the capacity to modulate or regulate host systems (8, 10, 23). It is clear that the C. sonorensis polydnavirus induces developmental arrest in H. virescens larva (18, 24,... 

In addition to large oil spills, petroleum hydrocarbons are released into the aquatic environments from natural seeps as well as non-point-source urban runoffs. Acute impacts from massive one-time spills are obvious and substantial. The impacts from small spills and chronic releases are the subject of much speculation and continued research. Clearly, these inputs of petroleum hydrocarbons have the potential for significant environmental impacts, but the effects of chronic low-level discharges can be minimized by the net assimilative capacities of many ecosystems, resulting in little detectable environmental harm. 

On the fundamental front, Dahn et al. successfully accounted for the irreversible capacity that accompanies all carbonaceous anodes in the first cycling. They observed that the irreversible capacity around 1.2 V follows an almost linear relation with the surface area of the carbonaceous anodes and that this irreversible process is essentially absent in the following cycles. Therefore, they speculated that a passivation film that resembles the one formed on lithium electrode in nonaqueous electrolyte must also be formed on a carbonaceous electrode via similar electrolyte decompositions, and only because... 

The electrochemical impedance analysis carried out in the same study by Zhang et al. seemed to confirm the above speculation with the change in the resistance of the SEI film as a function of the lithiation potential and corresponded well with the irreversible capacity analysis. Figure 19 shows the potential-dependence of the resistance for lithium ions in the... 

EB), since the reversible capacities that can be utilized by the electrolytes containing the acetates are much lower, and EP— or EB-based electrolytes yield comparable performances with the ternary baseline. Therefore, the authors speculated that the SEI formed in the presence of low molecular weight esters appeared to be resistive and inadequately protective, whereas, in the presence of esters of... 

Erythromycin, another macrolide, is rapidly transformed to anhydro-erythromycin in the environment (Hirsch et ah, 1999). A recent study by Chander et al. (2005) compared the sorption of tetracycline and tylosin in two soils that differ in clay and organic matter content. The adsorption of each of the antibiotics was higher in the soil that has a higher clay and organic matter content as these soil traits also provide greater exchange capacity (Fig. 3.8). Those workers speculated that the larger tylosin molecules (MW = 916.1) are adsorbed on the surface of the clay... 

The capacity to make NPs evolved in simple microbes (see Chapter 3). However, many single-celled organisms can survive, alone, without any interaction with any other living organism, so why did chemical interactions between organisms evolve This is a question that, like most evolutionary questions, carmotbe answered with certainty but it is a question that deserves some speculative thought. 

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