Host regulation

The calyx of Venteria canescens contains a particulate secretion (Rotheram, 1973) consisting of a glycoprotein (Bedwin, 1979). Salt (1970b) reported that this secretion coated the parasitoid eggs and inhibited the host s immune response. The calyx of Pimpla turionellae also contains a mucopolysaccharide (Fflhrer, 1973) which Osman and FOhrer (1979) implicated in the suppression of the host s immune response. 

Vinson and Scott (1975) found DNA-containing particles in the calyx of Cardiochiles nigriceps. Similar particles discovered in several species of braconids and ichneumonids are viral, invade host tissues, and may have profound effects on the host (see Stoltz and Vinson, 1979, for a discussion). These viruses have been implicated in affecting growth (Vinson et al., 1979), hemolymph trehalose levels (Dahlman and Vinson, 1977), and suppression of the host s immune response toward the parasitoid s progeny (Edson et al., 1981). It is anticipated that additional host regulatory functions of these viruses will be found. 

---

Significant developmental and physiological changes are induced in the parasitized host insect phenomena that have been generally described as evidence of wasp-induced "host regulation" or "parasite-directed host manipulation" (8-10). The biological and biochemical... 

Masler E. P. Adams, T. S. In Host Regulated Developmental Mechanisms in Vector Arthropods Borovsky, D. Spielman, A., Eds. University of Florida Press, Veto Beach, 1986 pp 60-65. 

Host-Regulating Factors Associated with Parasitic Hymenoptera... 

COVDRON Host-Regulating Factors and Paraskic Hymenoptera... 

Table I. Parasitic Hymenoptera With Host-Regulating Factors ...

COUDRON Host-Regulating Factors and Parasitic Hymeno era... 

Flanders, S. E. (1971) Multiple parasitism of armored coccids by host-regulative aphenlinids ectoparasites versus endoparasites. Can. Ent., 103, 857-72. 

Coudron, T.A., 1991. Host-regulating factors associated with parasitic Hymenoptera. ACS Symp. Ser. 449 41-65. 

---