Speciation of copper and zinc

Meylan S, Odzak N, Behra R, Sigg L (2004) Speciation of copper and zinc in natural freshwater comparison of voltammetric measurements, diffusive gradients in thin Aims (DGT) and chemical equilibrium models. An Chim Acta 510 91... 

We will illustrate some of the processes involved in a eutrophic lake. Points of interest are the factors that determine the speciation of copper and zinc, the role of biologically produced ligands, how copper and zinc are bound in the settling particles, and whether the settling particles reflect the composition of algae with respect to trace elements. 

Petersen, R., 1982. Influence of copper and zinc on the growth of a freshwater alga, Scenedesmus quadricauda the significance of chemical speciation. Environ. Sci. Technol., 16 443-447. 

Interactions of trace elements with algae in the marine environment are being extensively studied (1-3, 5-12). Copper and zinc, both essential micronutrients required by phytoplankton, may be toxic at elevated concentrations (11-13). The biological effects of copper and zinc are strongly dependent on their speciation the activity of the free metal ion has been shown to be a key parameter (13). Toxic effects of Cu on marine algae have been observed in the range of pCu 10-12 (11-13). 

Krishnamurti, G. S. R., and Naidu, R. (2002). Solid-solution speciation and phytoavailability of copper and zinc in soils. Environ. Sci. Technol. 36, 2645-2651. 

Zirino, A. and Yamamoto, S., A pH-dependent model for the chemical speciation of copper, zinc, cadmium, and lead in seawater, Limnol Oceanogr, 17 (5), 661-671, 1972. 

Vulkan T., Mingelgrin V., Ben-Asher J., Frenkel H. Copper and zinc speciation in the solution of a soil-sludge mixture. J Environ Qual 2002 31 193-203. 

Martinotti, W., Queirazza, G., Guarinoni, A. and Mori, G. (1995) In-flow speciation of copper, zinc, lead and cadmium in fresh waters by square wave anodic stripping voltammetry Part II. Optimization of measurement step. Anal. Chim. Acta, 305, 183-191. 

Sigg, L., Kuhn, A., Xue, H. B., Kiefer, E., and Kistler, D. (1995) Cycles of Trace Elements (Copper and Zinc) in a Eutrophic Lake Role of Speciation and Sedimentation. n Aquatic Chemistry, C. P. Huang et al., Eds., American Chemical Society, Washington, DC. 

Rozan TF, Lassman ME, Ridge DP, Luther GW (2000) Evidence for iron, copper and zinc complexation as multinuclear sulphide clusters in oxic rivers. Nature 406 879-882 Rowsell J, Nazar LF (2000) Speciation and thermal transformation in alumina sols structures of the polyhydroxyoxoaluminum cluster [Al3oOs(OH)56(H20)26] and its 5-Keggin moiete. J Am Chem Soc 122 3777-3778... 

Gardiner, P.E., Ottaway, J.M., Fell, G.S. and Burns, R.R. (1981). The application of gel filtration and electrothermal atomic absorption spectrophotometry to the speciation of protein bound zinc and copper in human biood serum. Anal. Chim. Acta, 124, 281. 

Table 6. Speciation of copper, zinc and nickel contamination...

Inagaki, K., Mikuriya, N., Morita, S., Haraguchi, H., Nakahara.Y, Hattori, M., Kinosita.T., and Saito, H. (2000). Speciation of protein-binding zinc and copper in human blood serum by chelating resin pre-treatment and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Analyst (London) 125,197—204. 

Ho M.D., Evans G.J. Operational speciation of cadmium, copper, lead and zinc in the NIST standard reference materials 2710 and 2711 (Montana soil) by the BCR sequential extraction procedure and flame atomic absorption spectrometry. Anal Commun 1997 34 353-364. 

L. Landner and R. Reuther (eds.) Metals in Society and in the Environment. A Critical Review of Current Knowledge on Fluxes, Speciation, Bioavailability and Risk for Adverse Effects of Copper, Chromium, Nickel and Zinc. 2004... 

Duinker and Kramer [311] studied the speciation of dissolved zinc, cadmium, lead, and copper in North Sea water by differential pulse ASV. 

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