Specialists and generalists

Education of Environmental Specialists and Generalists in American Universities... 

Goldstein S, Pearson T, Colwill J, et al. Task Force 4 The relationship between cardiovascular specialists and generalists. J Am Coll Cardiol 1994 24 304-12. 

GiAMOUSTARis A and MITHEN R (1995) The effect of modifying the glucosinolate content of leaves of oilseed rape (Brassica-napus ssp oleifera) on its interaction with specialist and generalist pests . Annals Appl Bio, 126, 347-63. 

The distinction between specialist and generalist classifiers is quantified by the classifier specificity. The specificity of a classifier is determined by the number of symbols that it contains thus, it is a function of the form of the classifier. The specificity is larger the greater the number of Os and Is in the string, and is equal to the ratio of the total number of Os and Is, b to the total length of the string,... 

In a complex environment, an effective set of classifiers will contain both specialists and generalists. Figure 9.6 illustrates how these rules can work together to control the environment. 

Many Insects have become specialists on crucifers and a few related plant families. These Include flea beetles, leaf beetles, cabbage root fly, aphids, cabbage butterflies and the dlamondback moth. At the same time, several polyphagous Insects such as the cabbage looper, armyworms and aphids are major pests of crucifers. Comparative studies on these specialists and generalists have provided valuable Information on host recognition and possible resistance mechanisms. 

Diversified suite of specialist and generalist insects Soft, because of a polygenic resistance High... 

Hagele, B. F. and Rowell-Rahier, M. (2000). Choice, performance, and heritability of performance of specialist and generalist insect herbivores towards cacalol and seneciphylline, two allelochemics of Adenostyles alpina (Asteraceae). Journal of Evolutionary Biology 13 131-142. 

The feeding behavior of herbivorous insects is guided by plant chemistry. There are specialists and generalists with regard to the range of plant species they attack. Nutrients such as sugars and proteins, and secondary plant compounds such as phenolics, terpenoids, or alkaloids, determine whether or not an insect will feed on a plant and to what extent. 

The Role of Specialists and Generalists in Microbial Population Interactions... 

Types of metabolism of "model" bacteria used for the study of competition between "specialists" and "generalists". 

All teachers, specialist and generalist, are expected to work within a modus operandi which identifies all the foreseeable safety problems associated with activities undertaken in relation to the school curriculum. 

Lankau RA (2007) Specialist and generalist herbivores exert opposing selection on a chemical defense. New Phytologist 175 176-184. 

As in all continuous spectra there are no sharp boundaries between the categories listed above, and their activities merge into one another imperceptibly. Such categorization does not carry with it any value judgment. For instance, it is clear that specialist and generalist can be applied to anyone at any point in the spectrum. In addition, those working in any one type of activity have much to learn from those in others, and all are necessary for the progress of surface science. 

Expand teamwork instruction and experience with focus on projects. Teamwork is the norm in the practice and business of CE. Students need to understand that the complexity of most engineering projects requires fielding a team of specialists and generalists. 

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