Generalist

The generalist approach—each process engineer becomes competent over-all with preferential areas of specialization. With this approach, all personnel are urged to study and keep up to date in order to handle any type of project. This simplifies the assignment of the men, since there are more chances of... 

In general, the specialist may often be much more of an expert in a particular subject under this system than under the generalist approach, and consequently more depth into the pertinent factors of a problem may come... 

The plant engineer by definition must be a generalist who has a basic knowledge of all aspects of business. Because of these expansive skill requirements, the plant engineer must have the training, experience and expertise necessary to fulfill this critical role in the organization. In part, a plant engineer is responsible for ... 

Education of Environmental Specialists and Generalists in American Universities... 

Goldstein S, Pearson T, Colwill J, et al. Task Force 4 The relationship between cardiovascular specialists and generalists. J Am Coll Cardiol 1994 24 304-12. 

GiAMOUSTARis A and MITHEN R (1995) The effect of modifying the glucosinolate content of leaves of oilseed rape (Brassica-napus ssp oleifera) on its interaction with specialist and generalist pests . Annals Appl Bio, 126, 347-63. 

Owing to increased awareness of the illness and the advent of newer and safer antidepressant medications, the past two decades have seen improvements in the screening, diagnosis, and treatment of MDD. The willingness of generalist practitioners to involve themselves in the identification and treatment of MDD is noteworthy. To that end, antidepressants have become some of the most commonly prescribed drugs, and they account for 10 of the top 100 prescription drugs dispensed in the United States.1 Despite recent increases in the treatment of MDD, inadequate treatment remains a serious concern.2... 

Classifiers that contain many symbols in their condition part are known as generalists, as they will be satisfied by a wide variety of different input messages. The first classifier given above is the supreme generalist, since any message turns it on. By contrast, classifiers whose condition part contains... 

The distinction between specialist and generalist classifiers is quantified by the classifier specificity. The specificity of a classifier is determined by the number of symbols that it contains thus, it is a function of the form of the classifier. The specificity is larger the greater the number of Os and Is in the string, and is equal to the ratio of the total number of Os and Is, b to the total length of the string,... 

In a complex environment, an effective set of classifiers will contain both specialists and generalists. Figure 9.6 illustrates how these rules can work together to control the environment. 

Since generalists have low specificity, their bids for a given classifier strength will be lower than bids from specialists and they may fail in their bids unless they are of very general utility, so often receive a reward and, thus, have high strength. Notice that the generalist /action has a specificity of zero, so if this classifier is a member of the classifier list, any bid it makes cannot succeed. 

That terpenoid metabolites can also be up-regulated in response to herbivory was demonstrated with the brown alga Dictyota menstrualis. The generalist amphipod Amphithoe longimana induced increased concentrations of the defensive diterpenes 65-67 in this alga, making it less palatable (Scheme 18). 

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