Space weather present

Burbine et al. (2002) tested an extreme case of a possible composition for the surface of Mercury. They made spectral observations of enstatite achondrites (igneous meteorites composed almost entirely of pure MgSi03, with some accessory minerals and essentially no FeO). The spectral features of enstatite achondrites (aubrites see Chapter 1.05) are similar to those for Mercury, but lack the spectral reddening observed in spectra of Mercury and have an additional feature at 0.5 p.m caused by troilite (FeS). This reddening (visible to UV ratio) is the result of space weathering, in which FeO is reduced to very small grains of metallic iron. Thus, the reddening indicates that some FeO must be present on Mercury to produce the nanophase iron. Alternatively,... 

Let us describe the principles and on-line operation of program "SEP-Search", developed and checked in the Emilio Segre Observatory of Israel Cosmic Ray Space Weather Center. The determination of increasing flux is made by comparison with intensity averaged from 120 to 61 minutes before the present Z-th one-minute data. The program for each Z-th minute determines the values... 

Both projects are designed to draw their energy from an organic photovoltaic layer, thus creating harmony with weather phenomena from the outset. Sunshine activates the objects under adverse weather conditions they are present in the public space in static form. 

The chemical composition of air depends on the natural and man-made sources of the constituents (their distribution and source strength in time and space) as well the physical (e. g. radiation, temperature, humidity, wind) and chemical conditions (other trace species) which determine transportation and transformation. Thus, atmospheric chemistry is not a pure chemistry and also includes other disciplines which are important for describing the interaction between atmosphere and other surrounding reservoirs (biosphere, hydrosphere, etc.). Measurements of chemical and physical parameters in air will always contain a geographical component, i. e., the particularities of the locality. That is why the terms chemical weather and chemical climate have been introduced. For example, diurnal variation of the concentration of a substance may occur for different reasons. Therefore general conclusions or transfer of results to other sites should be done with care. On the other hand, it is a basic task in atmospheric chemistry not only to present local results of chemical composition and its variation in time, but also to find general relationships between pollutants and their behavior under different conditions. 

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