Segre, Emilio

Segre, Emilio. 1980. From X-Rays to Quarks Modern Physicists and Their Discoveries. Berkeley The University of California Press. 

Segre, Emilio (1970). Enrico Fermi Physicist. Chicago University of Chicago Press. 

Segre, Emilio. Enrico Fermi Physicist. Chicago University of Chicago Press, 1970. The definitive biography of the life and work of Enrico Fermi, written by his good friend and compatriot, Nobel laureate Emilio Segre. 

AIP Emilio Segre Visual Archives, Bainbridge Collections... 

Emilio Gino Segre (1905-1989 Nobel Prize for physics 1959), together with Dale Raymond Corson ( 1914) and Kenneth Ross Mackenzie ( 1912) obtained the element in tiny amounts by bombardment of bismuth with alpha particles. Halogen with no stable isotope. 

Rhenium (75) was discovered in 1925 by Ida Tacke and Walter Noddack as the last naturally occurring element. The first artificially produced element was identified by Emilio G. Segre in 1937. Ernest Lawrence detected technetium in a molybdenum sample, which he had bombarded in his cyclotron. All elements discovered since then have been generated artificially. 

Emilio Segre Visual Archives Pages 38/39 Pages 58/59 ... 

Alex Keller s The Infancy of Atomic Physics Hercules in His Cradle (1983) is one of the finest such studies. Emilio Segre s From X-Rays to Quarks Modern Physicists and Their Discoveries (1980) is another excellent history, one that also focuses on the personalities of the physicists. 

Photograph taken by Samuel A. Goudsmit. Courtesy of American Institute of Physics Emilio Segre Visual Archives. 

Technetium (Tc, [Kr]4 /65.vl), name and symbol after the Greek Tsxrmos (tech-nikos, artificial). Detected in Italy (1937) by Carlo Perrier and Emilio Segre in a sample of Mo which had been irradiated with deuterons at the E.O. Lawrence cyclotron in California. It was the first artificially produced element. 

Astatine - the atomic number is 85 and the chemical symbol is At. The name derives from the Greek astatos for unstable since it is an unstable element. It was first thought to have been discovered in nature in 1931 and was named alabamine. When it was determined that there are no stable nuclides of this element in nature, that claim was discarded. It was later shown that astatine had been synthesized by the physicists Dale R. Corson, K. R. Mackenzie and Emilio Segre at the University of California lab in Berkeley, California in 1940 who bombarded bismuth with alpha particles, in the reaction Bi ( He, 2n ) "At. Independently, a claim about finding some x-ray lines of astatine was the basis for claiming discovery of an element helvetium, which was made in Bern, Switzerland. However, the very short half-life precluded any chemical separation and identification. The longest half-life associated with this unstable element is 8.1 hour °At. 

Astatine At 1940 (Berkeley, California) Dale Corson, Kenneth Mackenzie (both American) and Emilio Segre (Italian-American) 257... 

Technetium Tc 1925 (Berlin, Germany) 1937 (Berkeley, California) Walter Noddack and Ida Tacke Noddack (both German) Emilio Segre (Italian-American) and Carlo Perrier (Italian) 130... 

Figure 1 Paul Dirac and Richard Feynman at the International Conference on Relativistic Theories of Gravitation, Warsaw, Poland, July 25-31, 1962. Photograph by A. John Coleman, courtesy AIP Emilio Segre Visual Archives, Physics Today Collection.

Italian scientists Emilio Segre and Carlo Perrier Discovered when molybdenum was bombarded with the nuclei of a hydrogen isotope the first man-made element, hence its name, which means artificial in Greek. 

American chemists Dale R. Corsun, K. R. Mckenzie, and Emilio Segre Member of the halogen group and similar to iodine first produced by bombarding bismuth with alpha particles, but results naturally as uranium and thorium isotopes decay. 

Work on this element was then begun by Emilio Gino Segre in Italy. Segre was born at Tivoli, Italy, in 1905. He took his doctorate in Rome in 1928 and remained there until 1935. At that time he was named professor of physics at the Royal University of Palermo, where he remained until 1938. He then came to the Radiation Laboratory of the University of California at Berkeley, where he remained, except for the years from 1943 to 1945, which he spent at Los Alamos. He is now professor of physics at the University of California. 

The first genuine transuranic element was discovered at Berkeley, where Edwin McMillan used Lawrence s cyclotron in 1939 to bombard uranium with slow neutrons. He saw beta decay from what he predicted was element 93, and set about trying to isolate it. McMillan saw that the element sits beneath the transition metal rhenium in the Periodic Table, and so he assumed it should share some of rhenium s chemical properties. But when he and Fermi s one-time collaborator Emilio Segre performed a chemical analysis, they found that eka-rhenium (in Mendeleyev s terminology) behaved instead like a lanthanide, the series of fourteen elements that loops out of the table after lanthanum (see page 152). Disappointed, they figured that all they had found was one of these known elements. 

The first scientific attempts to prepare the elements beyond uranium were performed by Enrico Fermi, Emilio Segre, and co-workers in Rome in 1934, shortly after the existence of the neutron was discovered. This group of investigators irradiated uranium with slow neutrons and found several radioactive products, which were thought to be due to new elements. However, detailed chemical studies by Otto Hahn and Fritz Strassman in Berlin showed these species were isotopes of the known elements created by the fission of uranium into two approximately equal parts (see Chap. 11). This discovery of nuclear fission in December of 1938 was thus a by-product of man s quest for the transuranium elements. 

Technetium Tc 43 Carlo Perrier,Emilio Segre Italy Greek word "technikos" meaning "artificial"... 

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