Soyabeans composition

There is much controversy, at least in Europe, concerning genetic modification of plants. The three major crops affected so far are maize, soyabean and rapeseed. All of these, in addition to their other uses, are sources of oil. The reasons for modification in all these cases are related to herbicide tolerance and resistance to insects. For the varieties generally available at present, there is no known difference from non-modified strains with respect to fatty acid composition, oil yield, tocopherol level, or the level of any other minor oil constituent. 

However, other varieties are in development where the composition of the oil will be deliberately affected, and in some cases these are ready for general application. Versions of soyabean aimed at increasing the levels of oleic acid, and versions of rapeseed high in lauric acid, are in development. Whether or... 

Flor et al. (1993) were the first to develop criteria for the authentication of olive oil based on vegetable oil HPLC data. They observed that corn, cottonseed, soyabean, sunflower and safflower oils, to mention the most important commercial products, have large peaks for LLL, LLO and LLP but generally smaller LOO and LOP peaks (abbreviations P, palmitic O, oleic S, stearic L, linoleic Ln, linolenic Po, palmitoleic). Additional typical peaks were observed LnLL peak (ca. 7%) in soyabean and LnLO peak (ca. 7%) in rapeseed oils, respectively. Other relevant compositional pictures were observed peanut oil displays a relatively small LLL peak (ca. 3.5%) but larger LLO and LLP peaks (ca. 18.2, 5.9%, respectively). 

Murphy, J.J., Connolly, J.F. and McNeill, G.P. (1995) Effects on cow performance and milk fat composition of feeding full fat soyabeans and rapeseeds to dairy cows at pasture. Livestock Prod. Set, 44, 13-25. 

Nielsen, K. A preliminary note on the composition of the non-hydratable soyabean phosphatide. Acta Chem. Scand. 1955, 9, 173. 

Cassidy, A. S. Bingham K. Setchell. Biological effects of isoflavones in young women Importance of the chemical composition of soyabean products. Br. J. Nutr. 1995, 74, 587—601. 

Murphy, J.J., McNeill, G.P., Connolly, J.F., and Gleeson, P.A. (1990) Effect on Cow Performance and Milk Fat Composition of Including Full Fat Soyabean and Rapeseed in the Concentrate Mixture for Lactating Dairy Cows, J. Dairy Res. 57, 295-306. Chouinard, P.Y., Girard, V., and Brisson, G.J. (1997) Performance and Profiles of Milk Fatty Acids Fed Full Fat, Heat-Treated Soybeans using Various Processing Methods, J. Dairy Sci. 80, 334-342. 

The proximate composition of canola/rapeseed varies among varieties as a result of both genetic makeup and growing conditions. As summarized in Table 4.3 [4], the oil content of canola is about twice that of soyabeans and contains much more fibre than soyabeans. The protein content of oil-free canola meal is only slightly lower than that of soyabeans. Canola is processed primarily for its oil, which makes up some 40% of the seed mass. It has an ideal fatty acid composition for human consumption, with a linoleic-to-linolenic acid ratio of approximately 2. After oil removal, the meal contains more than 40% protein with well-balanced amino acid composition. The essential amino acid composition, given in Table 4.4, indicates that canola protein is superior... 

Containing more than 35% protein with a well-balanced amino acid composition and desirable functionalities, canola meal certainly qualifies as a protein product. Due to the low levels of glucosinolates in the meal, it is a suitable feedstuff for livestock and poultry. Based on its nutrient content, canola meal is worth 70-75% of the value of soyabean meal for feeding poultry and about 75-80% of the same for feeding swine and ruminants, while the cost of canola meal was historically much less than 70% of that of soyabean meal [23]. 

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