South american electric

For example, there are certain biological constraints on some species of South American electric fish. The conditions for fish s survival fall within a very narrow range the temperature of water has to be strictly stable. Here is a first constraint, a first risk of error. The fish s death can be due to a variation of temperature as well as pollutant. Another example is provided when the result of the measurement takes form of a list of numbers, and in order to interpret this, it is necessary to refer to a book. This does not permit a rapid interpretation of the results. The technician in charge of water pumping cannot react quickly. Where other less constraining techniques exist, he will not be interested by that tool. This example shows that designers of new tools or methodologies must take into account the user s constraints. Finally a convenient measurement... 

The richest source of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors are the electric organs of the South American electric eel (Electrophorus electricus), the African electric catfish Malapterurus electricus) and the electric ray e.g. the marbled electric ray of the eastern Atlantic Ocean (Torpedo marmoratd) and the Californian electric ray in the northeastern Pacific (Torpedo califomica)) (Fig. 8.36). 

In 1984, Mark E. Schroeder and Roger F. Flattum at Shell explored for nithiazine as the example, at which site these nitromethylene insecticides interact to effect their pharmacological activity. In cockroaches, the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor turned out to be the target. [140] In insects, the expression of these receptors is limited to the nervous system. There they reach a density, which is comparable only to the electric organ of the South American electric eel (Electro-phorus electricus). [ 141 ] From ligand displacement studies with nerve cell receptors of the American cockroach (Periplaneta americana), the honey-bee (Apis mellifera) and the common housefly (Musca domestica), the a-subrmit of the receptor became evident as the prime locus of interaction for neonicotinoids. 

A Figure 20.15 An electric eel. Differences in ion concenfrafions, mainiy Na and K, in speciai ceiis cailed elecfrocytes produce an emf on the order of 0.1 V. By connecfing thousands of these ceiis in series these South American fish are abie to generate short eiectric pulses as high as 500 V. 

Energy, Mines, and Resources Canada. 1977-. Statistical Review of Coal in Canada. Ottawa Energy, Mines and Resources Canada. Annually reviews production, consumption, and export statistics of Canadian metallurgical grade bituminous coal and subbituminous coal used for domestic electricity generation. Includes statistics on coal imported into Canada from the United States and South American export markets. 

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