Song studies

The ability of ionic liquids to dramatically improve the yields and selectivi-ties of reactions is clearly shown by the scandium-triflate-catalyzed Diels-Alder reaction.This cycloaddition usually has low turnover (TON < 10-20). Song studied this reaction in ionic liquids, which offered the possibility of recovering the catalyst. The cycloaddition between 1,4-naphthoquinone and 1,3-dimethylbutadiene catalyzed by a very small loading (0.2mol%) of Sc(OTf)3 in the standard [bmim][PF6] ionic liquid was used as a test reaction (Scheme 43). 

Song K and Chesnavich W J 1989 Multiple transition states in chemical reactions variational transition state theory studies of the HO2 and HeH2 systems J. Chem. Rhys. 91 4664-78... 

Votsmeier M, Song S, Davidson D F and Hanson R K 1999 Shock tube study of monomethylamine thermal decomposition and NH2 high temperature absorption coefficients int. J. Chem. Kinetics 31 323-30... 

Since ancient times, the light emitted by fireflies and glow-worms has attracted the curiosity of people. Descriptions of the phenomena are frequently found in old poems, songs and folklores of many countries. Old scientific studies of these phenomena are also numerous, particularly after the 17th century. However, the chemical study was not begun until the early 20th century. 

Becker et al., (1984) investigated the photo-CIDNP effect in the presence of crown ethers (see Sec. 11.2). CIDNP studies on the photolysis (Jiang et al., 1990) and on the NaBH4 reduction (Song et al., 1990) of arenediazonium ions showed that free radical intermediates are involved. 

Ge, Q., Song, C. and Wang, L. (2006) A density functional theory study of CO adsorption on Pt—Au nanopartides. Computational Material Science, 35, 247-253. 

Yoshimi K, Song MB, Ito M. 1996. Carbon monoxide oxidation on a Pt(lll) electrode studied by in-situ IRAS and STM Coadsorption of CO with water on Pt(lll). Surf Sci 368 389-395. 

Low, Anthony. Love and science cultural change in Donne s Songs and Sonnets. Studies in the Literary Imagination 22 (Spring 1989) 5-16. 

Song, X., Zhao, Y., Hou, S., Xu, F., Zhao, R., He, J., Cai, Z., Li, Y. and Chen, Q. (2008) Dual agents loaded PLGA nanopartides systematic study of particle size and drug entrapment efficiency. European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, 69, 445-453. 

The non-random two-liquid segment activity coefficient model is a recent development of Chen and Song at Aspen Technology, Inc., [1], It is derived from the polymer NRTL model of Chen [26], which in turn is developed from the original NRTL model of Renon and Prausznitz [27]. The NRTL-SAC model is proposed in support of pharmaceutical and fine chemicals process and product design, for the qualitative tasks of solvent selection and the first approximation of phase equilibrium behavior in vapour liquid and liquid systems, where dissolved or solid phase pharmaceutical solutes are present. The application of NRTL-SAC is demonstrated here with a case study on the active pharmaceutical intermediate Cimetidine, and the design of a suitable crystallization process. 

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