Soman diisopropyl fluorophosphate

Binding of sarin and soman to a tyrosine residue present in blood has been observed by Black et al. (51) When sarin or soman was incubated with human plasma, phosphonylated tyrosine was observed by LC/MS after Pronase digestion, in addition to phosphonylated serine. The precise site of this residue has not yet been confirmed but it is associated with the albumin fraction. A phosphonylated tryptic peptide [/-PrO(CH3)P(0)]-Tyr-Thr-Lys, consistent with albumin, has been identified but this sequence is also present in other proteins. Before the advent of modem mass spectrometry, diisopropyl fluorophosphate was reported to bind... 

Grigoryan, H., Schopfer, L.M., Thompson, C.M., Terry, A.V., Masson, P., Lockridge, O. (2008). Mass spectrometry identifies covalent binding of soman, sarin, chlorpyrifos oxon, diisopropyl fluorophosphate, and FP-biotin to tyrosines on tubulin a potential mechanism of long term toxicity by organophos-phoms agents. Chem. Biol. Interact. April 22. (Epub ahead of print)... 

Misulis, K.E., Clinton, M.E., Dettbam, W-D., Gupta, R.C. (1987). Differences in central and peripheral neural actions between soman and diisopropyl fluorophosphate, organophosphoms... 

Fluorophosphates are also highly toxic and relatively volatile. Sarin and soman are chemical warfare agents. Diisopropyl fluorophosphate (DFP) is often used by biochemists to study serine-active enzymes. Mipafox and DFP cause OPIDN in humans and experimental animals. 

The enzyme OP hydrolase hydrolyzes soman, tabun, sarin, and diisopropyl fluorophosphates at approximately the same rate. 

The diisopropylfluorophosphatase (DFPase) is found in cephalopod nerve, hepatopancreas and saliva from squid (Anderson et al. 1988). Structurally similar to PONl, the DFPase also is a calcium-containing hydrolase with a six-bladed p-propeUer fold and readily hydrolysis the organophosphate fluoride, diisopropyl-fluorophosphate (DFP), as well as the nerve agents sarin, soman and cyclosarin, in addition to the cyanide-containing OP, the nerve agent tabun (Fig. 3.15). DFPase was initially found to hydrolyze P-F and P-CN bonds and to be inert toward P-0 or P-S bonds (Bigley and Raushel 2013). 

There have been descriptions of the acute effects in humans that follow high-dose exposure (>LDso) to nerve agents soman, sarin, and VX (Inoue, 1995 Nozaki et al., 1995 Nakajima et al., 1997). The similar cluster of behavioral symptoms (anxiety, psychomotor depression, intellectual impairment, and sleep disturbance) was observed in the immediate period after resolution of the acute signs of intoxication and then slowly faded with time, somehmes taking months to be fully resolved. The CNS symptoms noted after short-term exposure of humans to diisopropyl fluorophosphate (DFP) were... 

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