Solvent utilization/consumption

The excess air s introduction of oxygen degrades the principal chemical absorbents (alkanolamines) and increases solvent consumption. This degradation is also exacerbated by the presence of sulphur in the flue gas, e.g. from fuel oil. This is illustrated in Figure 6.2 and Table 6.4 which illustrates process flows and utilities consumption for the reduction of carbon dioxide in a flue gas to below 2% using a standard sorbent (MEA) and a solvent under development (SH amine) ... 

Inhibitor allows higher CO2 loading, reducing solution circulation and utilities consumption [151. Used in several NH3 installations. Separate absorption and stripping system is required for each solvent. 

Lower utility consumption, this estimate is based on a high solvent use for extraction. 

Hersel and Belloni (1991) provide data on the utility consumption of a typical Solinox plant treating 55 MMscfd (55,800 m /h) of flue gas. Such a plant would require about 390 kW of electricity (including gas compression) 250 m /h of cooling water (10°C temperature rise) 3.7 It/h of low pressure steam (1.5 bar or 22 psia) and solvent makeup costing 9.30 per hour (U.S. dollars). 

Waste materials from soaked powder are used chiefly for preliminary ballistic tests. They can also be converted into less valuable types of powder, earmarked for rapid consumption (practice or sporting powders). Such powders are treated with solvent in the same way as waste products (4), although they require a longer time to dissolve. Thus, during the World Wars, when powders were consumed rapidly, soaked waste products were utilized for this purpose. 

Uses. Furfuryl alcohol is widely used as a monomer in manufacturing furfuryl alcohol resins, and as a reactive solvent in a variety of synthetic resins and applications. Resins derived from furfuryl alcohol are the most important application for furfuryl alcohol in both utility and volume. The final cross-linked products display outstanding chemical, thermal, and mechanical properties. They are also heat-stable and remarkably resistant to acids, alkalies, and solvents. Many commercial resins of various compositions and properties have been prepared by polymerization of furfuryl alcohol and other co-reactants such as furfural, formaldehyde, glyoxal, resorcinol, phenolic compounds and urea. In 1992, domestic furfuryl alcohol consumption was estimated at 47 million pounds (38). 

Table 6.4 Typical Utility and Solvent Consumption in Flue Gas Scrabbing...

---