Solvent extraction solid supported liquid membrane

Figure 1 Two-parameter examination of range of applicability of ion exchange and solvent extraction techniques with a semilogarithmic plot of metal concentration in g/L versus solution flowrate in m /hr. IX = ion SX = solvent extraction LSM = surfactant liquid membrane SSLM = solid supported liquid membrane [8].

Accelerated solvent extraction (ASE), focused microwave soxhiet extraction (FMSE), immuno affinity cleanup (im-Cu), liquid-liquid extraction (LLE), low-temperature lipid precipitation (LTLP), matrix solid-phase dispersion (MSPD), microwave-assisted extraction (MAE), nanofiltration (NF), pressurized fluid extraction (PEE), single drop microextraction (SOME), solid-phase extraction (SPE), solid-phase microextraction (SPME), steam distillation (SD), stir bar sorptive extraction (SBSE), surpercritical fluid extraction (SFE), subcritical fluid extraction (ScFE), supported liquid membrane extraction (SLME), ultra-sonication (US), size exclusion chromatography (SEC), liquid chromatography-fraction collection (LC)... 

Several manufacturers introduced products amenable for this solid-supported LLE and for supported liquid extraction (SLE). The most common support material is high-purity diatomaceous earth. Table 1.8 lists some commercial products and their suppliers. The most widely investigated membrane-based format is the supported liquid membrane (SLM) on a polymeric (usually polypropylene) porous hollow fiber. The tubular polypropylene fiber (short length, 5 to 10 cm) is dipped into an organic solvent such as nitrophenyl octylether or 1-octanol so that the liquid diffuses into the pores on the fiber wall. This liquid serves as the extraction solvent when the coated fiber is dipped... 

Liquid-liquid methods include solvent extraction with immiscible liquid-liquid systems in which a suitable ligand is dissolved in an organic phase and contacted with a metal ion containing an aqueous phase and liquid membranes. Separations can also be achieved with pseudo-phase systems such as micelles, microemulsions, and vesicles. Such separations can be solid-liquid or liquid-liquid and include separations with normal- and reversed-phase silica, and polymeric supports where the mobile phase contains the organized molecular assembly (OMA) of micelles, microemulsions, or vesicles. Separation of metal ions using the pseudo-phase systems is stiU in its infancy and a brief account will be provided here. 

If solvent extraction may be considered a source technique, derived liquid-liquid separation techniques include configurations in which an extraction solvent is physically immobilized by a coating or impregnation process onto a solid support such as silica, porous resin beads, or foam [13,84—87]. Other derived techniques include membranes of various configurations bulk liquid membranes, supported liquid membranes, emulsion membranes, and polymer-impregnated membranes [88]. Many derived liquid-liquid techniques have been developed, especially for use in analytical applications [13,60,62,64,75,84,85,87]. In each of these derived techniques, the... 

Radioactive waste management plant Selective actinide extraction Supported liquid membrane Spiral-wound reverse osmosis Solvent extraction Tri-n-butyl phosphate Total dissolved solids Tri-n-octylamine... 

Various substances such as amino acids, organic acids, NaOH, NaCl, carbon dioxide, oxygen, metals, and various ions, such as Cd(II), Cu(II), Co(II), and Fe(III), can be separated by using suitable carrier agents in liquid or solid composite membranes. Liquid membranes behave like double liquid-liquid extraction systems where the usage of organic solvent is minimized. Such devices are generally prepared as bulk liquid, emulsion liquid, and supported liquid membranes. 

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