Synthesis solvent-based

Bahrami K, Khodaei MM, Farrokhi A (2009) Highly efficient solvent-free synthesis of dihydropyrimidinones catalyzed by zinc oxide. Synth Commun 39 1801-1808 74. Gross GA, Wurziger H, Schober A (2006) Solid-phase synthesis of 4,6-diaryl-3,4-dihydro-pyrimidine-2(lH)-one-5-carboxylic acid amide derivatives a Biginelli three-component-condensation protocol based on immobilized beta-ketoamides. J Comb Chem 8 153-155 Desai B, Dallinger D, Kappe CO (2006) Microwave-assisted solution phase synthesis of dihydropyrimidine C5 amides and esters. Tetrahedron 62 4651 664 Kumar A, Maurya RA (2007) An efficient bakers yeast catalyzed synthesis of 3,4-dihydro-pyrimidin-2-(lH)-ones. Tetrahedron Lett 48 4569-4571 77. Zalavadiya P, Tala S, Akbari J, Joshi H (2009) Multi-component synthesis of dihydropyrimidines by iodine catalyst at ambient temperature and in-vitro anti mycobacterial activity. Arch Pharm 342 469-475... 

Recently, Deetlefs and Seddon83 reported the solvent-free synthesis and scale-up of ionic liquids under microwave irradiation. Using a commercial microwave reactor they prepared ionic liquids based upon the 1-alkylpyridinium, l-alkyl-3-methylimida-zolium, l-alkyl-2-methylpyrazolium and 3-alkyl-4-methylthiazolium cations, on scales from 50 mmol to 2 mol (Scheme 9.2). Under microwave irradiation, because of efficient... 

Heterocyclics. The heterocyclic compounds used as industrial antimicrobial agents are listed in Table 9. Captan and Folpet are agricultural fungicides that have found some industrial uses, primarily in solvent-based paints. Human toxicology concerns have resulted in some diminishing of markets (37). Lack of solubility has limited the formulation flexibility and product is typically available in a malleable concentrate (44—88%) (38). A typical synthesis has been disclosed (39). 

Keeping in view the biological and synthetic importance of the (3-lactams and the potential of solvent-free microwave chemistry, Kidwai et al. [148] prepared (3-lactams via an ester-imine based synthesis under solvent-free microwave irradiation. The //Y/n.v-4-aminocyclohexanol (128) was condensed with different aromatic aldehyde to give the respective Schiff base. The Schiff-base was then reacted with ethyl a-mercapto/a-cyano acetate, in the presence of basic alumina, to afford the required 3-mercapto/cyano (3-lactams respectively, outlined in Scheme 41. 

Recently, some modifications to the SFB method were introduced to synthesize silica-based materials of remarkably high specific surface area [11,48,49], To be precise, in some instances isopropanol was used as the solvent and synthesis media. Besides, DDW in some cases was eliminated [11,48,49], Also, amines dissolved in water or in a strong base were used, instead of NH4OH as catalysts, in order to get materials of particularly high specific surface area [11,48,49], In Table 3.4, the recipes used to synthesize these materials as well the above explained procedure are reported [11,48],... 

Adam M.-P. Pederson, who grew up in Minneapolis, MN, in the USA, received his B.S. (2000) from the University of Minnesota s Institute of Technology. From 2000 to 2003, he worked as a membrane chemist at Osmonics (later GE Osmonics) in the area of water purification and solvent-based separations. He is currently a chemistry graduate student at Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University under Harry W. Gibson in the field of supramolecular polymer synthesis. 

CVD eliminates the problems of solution based synthesis techifiques such as solvent retention and contamination. Retention of volatile solvents subsequent to film formation can cause out gassing resulting in formation of pinholes, voids etc. Also, substituent groups used to provide solubility frequently result in degradation of the material properties of the host polymer. These problems are absent in CVD. Further, the dry nature of CVD results in high... 

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