Solution-casting technique

Park et al. [20] reported on the synthesis of poly-(chloroprene-co-isobutyl methacrylate) and its compati-bilizing effect in immiscible polychloroprene-poly(iso-butyl methacrylate) blends. A copolymer of chloroprene rubber (CR) and isobutyl methacrylate (iBMA) poly[CP-Co-(BMA)] and a graft copolymer of iBMA and poly-chloroprene [poly(CR-g-iBMA)] were prepared for comparison. Blends of CR and PiBMA are prepared by the solution casting technique using THF as the solvent. The morphology and glass-transition temperature behavior indicated that the blend is an immiscible one. It was found that both the copolymers can improve the miscibility, but the efficiency is higher in poly(CR-Co-iBMA) than in poly(CR-g-iBMA),... 

Wang and Chen [41] studied the compatibility problems of incompatible NBR-PVC blends. Poly(vinyl-idene chloride-covinyl chloride) is reported to act as an efficient interfacial agent. Blends of PVC, NBR, and the copolymer were prepared by the solution casting technique using THE as a solvent. Improvement in mechanical properties can be achieved in NBR-PVC blend by the addition of different types of rubbers [42]. Different rubbers include NR, styrene butadiene (SBR) and butadiene (BR). Replacement of a few percent of NBR by other rubbers will improve the mechanical properties and at the same time reduce the cost of the blend. 

Chitin films can be manufactured from DMAc solutions or by other approaches, for example, blend films of beta-chitin (derived from squid pens) and poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) were prepared by a solution casting technique from corresponding solutions of beta-chitin and PVA in concentrated formic acid. Upon evaporation of the solvent, the film having 50/50 composition was found to be cloudy [224]. 

Both solution cast techniques led to very thin films, because of limited solubility. Due to their polycrystalline structure these films scatter highly light. 

Silanes are often used to modify metal oxide surfaces, especially those rich in hydroxyl groups, to enable a broad range of functionalities such as hydrophilicity, immobilization of therapeutic agents, polymers, and cells, and the creation of model surfaces [67-72]. The easiest methods of deposition of silane compounds involve dipping or solution casting techniques. Other methods for depositing silanes include microwave and vapor deposition techniques [70, 71, 73]. 

Due to its high melting point, P30 cannot be processed by injection molding or extrusion teehniques. However, P30 ean be fabricated by solution casting techniques into films or by wet spin techniques into fibers. On orientation or heat treatment, these materials beeome insoluble. 

Another example is the use of the solution casting technique to produce PVC composites with MWNTs, which have values of dT/dFf of 204 GPa. With Kevlar-functionalised MWNT-PVC composites, however, there is a substantial increase in dl7dFf to 300 GPa." These values are quite close to the maximum expected value of dlVdFf. " This indicates on very good stress-strain transfer between PVC and the Kevlar-coated nanotubes. Most importantly, the reinforcement was achieved at less than 2 wt% nanotube content, which a great advantage if we take into account the nanotube costs. 

With support from the OSW, Reid at the University of Florida pursued an alternative design in the mid 1950 s based on filtration equipment available at the time. His design used pressurized air to drive water across polymeric films. Of the commercially available films, cellulose acetate was the most attractive due to its high salt rejections. Unfortunately, product water permeation rates were low. Since permeation rate was inversely proportional to film thickness, solution casting techniques were developed to form films as thin as possible [10]. Around the time of Hassler s and Reid s work, the term reverse osmosis was adopted to describe membrane desalination [8]. 

The PVA (Mw 1,25,000, Aldrich), Orthophosphoric acid (H PO ) (Ranbaxy, India) and nano particles of AEj03 (50 mn. Sigma) were used for the preparation of NCPE films. The films of Solid Polymer Electrolyte (PVA + HjPO ) and Nano Composite Polymer Electrolyte (PVA + H3PO + Al Oj) in different filler wt% ratios were prepared by solution cast technique. Grantdes of PVA were dissolved in triply distilled water and stirred magnetically for 10-12 hr to obtain a clear and homogeneous solution. A known amount of H3PO was added to it and stirred continuously until a viscous solution was obtained. A part of solution was poured into the Teflon Petri dishes to get SPE thin film and in another part of the solution, nano-sized Al Oj was added in different wt % to get NCPE thin films. The prepared thin films were rinsed with benzene/methanol to remove any volatile impurities present in it. 

Software, for bioelectric field problems, 23-15-23-20 in battery-powered BION system, 34-6-34-7 BioPSE, 23-16-23-17 PowerApps, 23-17-23-20 SCIRun, 23-15-23-16 Sokoloff, L., 50-8, 50-10, 50-15 Solution casting technique, in synthetic heart valves,... 

The four different types of formulated system, including the preparation method, are described in detail in the following subsections. All samples obtained from the four formulations presented in thin-film form, using a solution-casting technique. 

Polymeric membranes are prepared by the solution casting technique. Polymers are polyimides (Pis, 6FDA BPDA (m n) DAM, 6FDA 6FpDA, 6FDA 6FmDA), whose formula are given in Fig. 5.6. 

The mechanical properties of PCL, which depend on molecular weight and preparation method, usually do not allow its use as scaffold for hard tissue replacement. Incorporation of HAp in PCL has improved (in comparison to pure PCL) both the mechanical properties and osteoblast growth on the PCL/HAp composites prepared by phase inversion and solution casting techniques [163]. 

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