Solubilization of Proteins

It could well be that many of the results of increased transport rates are determined by membrane damage, rather than by reversible physical effects when surfactants are used above their CMC. Studies on the solubilization of protein have in several cases demonstrated a remarkable parallel between solubilizing ability and membrane action (30). 

Supplementing the fermentation of gutted herring with equivalent amount of pure bovine and Greenland cod trypsins resulted in increased solubilization of protein. While the cod enzyme was effective in solubilizing protein, the percentage of solubilized protein which was soluble in 10% trichloroacetic... 

Solubilization Procedures Detergents An overview, 182, 239 solubilization of functional membrane proteins, 104, 305 solubilization of native membrane proteins, 182, 253 solubilization of protein aggregates,182, 264 removal of detergents from membrane proteins, 104, 318 182, 277. 

RabiUoud T, Adessi C, Giraudel A, Limardi J. (1997) Improvement of the solubilization of proteins in two-dimensional electrophoresis with immobilized pH gradients. Electrophoresis %, 307-16. 

The aqueous phase pH determines the ionization state of the surface-charged groups on the protein molecule. Solubilization of the protein in RMs is found to be dominated by electrostatic interactions between the charged protein and the inner layer of the surfactant head groups [112]. Solubilization of protein is favored at pH values above the isoelectric point (pi) of the protein in the case of... 

Its toxicity is discussed by Curme Johnston (Ref 4, p 317). In skin absorption it is about l/l0th as toxic as formaldehyde The industrial utilization of glyoxal is largely based on the advantage which may be taken of its two aldehyde groups, its lack of volatility from aqueous solns, and its inoffensive color. Among its uses may be cited in-solubilizing of proteins, polyvinyl, alcohol, starch, etc (Ref 4, p 127) (See also Ref 5). 

Rabi I loud, T. (1996) Solubilization of proteins for electrophoretic analyses. Electrophoresis 1 7, 81 3-829. 

Preparation of cheeses and soy derivatives Solubilization of protein concentrates Production of protein hydrolysates Gluten modification in bread doughs Chillproofing of beer Plastein formation Tenderization of meats Quality determination of proteins... 

Luisi and co-workers were the first to mention the possibility of the reverse micellar solubilization of proteins for protein separation [2]. After that, the research groups of... 

Marston, F.A.O., Hartley, D.L. (1990) Solubilization of protein aggregates, Methods Enzymol. 182,... 

Bile salts Sodium deoxycholate Sodium glycocholate Sodium taurocholate Formation of reverse micelles, solubilization of proteins/peptides Removal of epithelial cells and formation of transient pores Inhibition of proteolytic activity Reduction of mucus viscosity... 

Surfactants Sodium lauryl sulfate Polyoxyethylene oxide-9 ethers Solubilization of proteins/peptides Perturbation of membrane layers Extraction of membrane proteins and lipids... 

The mechanisms of toxicity for lye are those common to alkalis, saponification of fats and solubilization of proteins, corrosion, reduction, and protein denaturation. The severity of corrosion is determined by pH, viscosity, concentration, volume ingested, and contact time. 

Because the key to successfully crystallizing a macromolecule often lies in the procedure, means, or solvent used to solubilize it, some careful consideration should be given to this initial step. This is particularly true of membrane, lipophilic, or other proteins which, for one reason or another, are only marginally soluble in water solutions. In addition to mild detergents there are chaotropic agents that can also be employed for the solubilization of proteins. These include such compounds as urea, guanidinium hydrochloride, and relatively innocuous anions such as SCN-, CIOJ, I-, Br", and NO- (HatefI and Hanstein, 1969). These compounds, even at relatively low concentrations, may serve to increase dramatically the solubility of a protein under conditions where it would otherwise be insoluble. 

Generically, sample preparation in bottom-up proteomics involves the solubilization of proteins from the biological source, protein fractionation, subsequent enzymatic digestion of the proteins, and separation of the resulting peptides. Unique enrichment techniques can be applied in many of these preparatory steps (Figure 5). 

However, these experimental approaches appeared to be relevant enough to form the basis of the first thermodynamic treatment of the solubilization of protein in reversed micelles developed by Caselli et. (58). The micellar phase before solubilization forms the reference state of thermodynamic calculations. According to the structural model of spherical monodisperse droplets, the knowledge of the micelle radius and density completely characterizes the system. The uptake of protein is made... 

Yu J, Fischman DA, Steck TL. Selective solubilization of proteins and phospholipids from red blood cell membranes by nonionic detergents. Journal of Supramol Struct 1973 3 233-248. 

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