Solubility parameter lists

T Tc for each species however, (<5 — 82) is often nearly temperature independent, at least over limited temperature ranges. Therefore, the solubility parameters listed in Table 9.6-1 may be used at temperatures other than the one at which they were obtained (see Eq. 9.3-22, however). Also, referring to Eq. 9.6-10, it is evident that liquids with very different solubility parameters, such as neopentane and carbon disulfide, can be expected to exhibit highly nonideal solution behavior (i.e., y > 1), whereas adjacent liquids in Table 9.6-1 will-form nearly ideal solutions. This is useful information. 

A comprehensive list of solubility parameters is given in reference 7. 

Large databases for the solubility parameter exist, most notably Barton s Handbook of Solubility Parameters and Other Cohesive Parameters [112], A small listing of values is given in Table 4. The units used are those of (J/cm ) / = (MPa) /, although the older literature uses units of (cal/cm ). The units are related by ... 

The semibatch model GASPP is consistent with most of the data published by Wisseroth on gas phase propylene polymerization. The data are too scattered to make quantitative statements about the model discrepancies. There are essentially three catalysts used in his tests. These BASF catalysts are characterized by the parameters listed in Table I. The high solubles for BASF are expected at 80 C and without modifiers in the recipe. The fact that the BASF catalyst parameters are so similar to those evaluated earlier in slurry systems lends credence to the kinetic model. 

Calculated Degree of Maleic Anhydride Grafting Required to Obtain a Solubility Parameter of 18.0 (J/cm ) , Assuming Full Conversion of the Grafted Anhydride with the Amines Listed, and Corresponding Glass Transition Temperatures (Tg)... 

The solubility parameter of water is 17 or 23, depending on the association structure of water used in the calculation. None of the values listed in Table II are within two units of either value and by the general rules of the solubility concept, none of the polymers in Table II should be water soluble. Homopolymers of monomers c, e, or f in Figure 3 are not water soluble. The solubility values listed for the W-SPs studied do not correlate with the equilibrium pressures observed. A general correlation is noted if the values of the most hydrophobic segments (i.e., the oxypropyl, oxybutyl and acetate) are compared with PMVE. The... 

Table IV lists the solubility parameters (3) of these diluents (3) and the peak times for polymerizing HEMA monomer mixes with different diluents. The...

First a database of solute-solvent properties are created in SoluCalc. The database needs the melting point, the enthalpy of fusion and the Hildebrand solubility parameter of the solute (Cimetidine) and the solvents for which solubility data is available. Using the available data, SoluCalc first prepares a list of the most sensitive group interactions and fits sequentially, the solubility data for the minimum set of group interaction parameters that best represent the total data set. For a small set of solvents, the fitted values from SoluCalc are shown in Table 9. It can be noted that while the correlation is very good, the local model is more like a UNIQUAC model than a group contribution model... 

Consequentely, we have chosen solvents in order to change separately either the norm of the solubility parameter or its direction (see Fig. 4). These solvents are listed in Table 1. It can be clearly seen that the polar and hydrogen bonding interactions are zero for all of the aliphatic and cycloaliphatic alkanes. This allows one to change only the value of without changing its direction. For a second series of experiments, we compare 2,6-dimethyl-4-heptanone, dib-utylether and methyl-cyclohexane which have nearly identical lengths, but different vector directions. 

Fig. 4. 23 Application of the regular solution theory for correlation of distribution constants for ZnA2 and CuA2 with solvent properties (solubility parameters) the numbers refer to the solvents listed in Table 4.10. (From Ref. 22.)...

Finally, the solubility parameter of the adhesive and the substrate must be close. Without getting too teehnieal, the solubility parameter is a rough estimate of polarity. The old saying like dissolves like can be extended to like bonds like. More aeeurately, the solubility parameter is the ealeulated potential energy of 1 em of material for eommon solvents. Polymers are assigned solubility parameters of solvents in which they are soluble. Table 19.3 lists solubility parameters for various solvents and polymers. As an example of how to use this table, butadiene-acrylonitrile rubber with 6= 9.5 bonds natural rubber (6= V.9-8.3) to phenolic plastics (6= 11.5). Note that its solubility parameter is between that of the two substrates. 

Since there are so many solvents to choose from, it is natural that the search for guidelines for solvent selection has been intense. Researchers have tried to correlate enzyme activity, stability, and selectivity with different solvent descriptors, such as logP, dielectric constant, dipole moment, Hildebrand solubility parameters, and many others. When this approach is successful, the search for the optimal solvent can be limited to those having suitable values of the selected solvent descriptor(s). A list of solvent descriptors of a range of commonly used solvents is given in Table 1.4. 

The solubility of Teflon AF in perfluorinated compounds was presented by Buck and Resnick.Table 6.4 lists several perfluorinated solvents in order of boiling point. The solubility parameters were calculated from the Small group contribution tables using a value of 100 for the group contribution of a CF group. 

Table V lists the common solvents used for cleaning XAD resins and their respective solubility parameters. Methanol and acetonitrile [which are used in the cleanup procedure of Junk et. al. (5)] have very different total solubility parameters than the compounds listed in Table IV. Thus, they should be less efficient for eluting the resin contaminants from the resin polymers. This situation explains the GC profile results, which show large numbers and high concentrations of contaminants after the successive 24-h Soxhlet extractions using methanol, acetonitrile, and ethyl ether (Figure 2).

Table I lists the final results of solvent-swelling conditions which resulted in selecting 2,2,4-trimethylpentane and styrene at —25°C for a differential solvent pair. The table also includes the published values for the solubility parameters (a/CED) of the elastomers and the solvents. This table indicates that for the elastomer systems Cl-butyl-cts-polybutadiene or Cl-butyl-SBR excellent differentiation can be obtained.

The fundamental idea is to determine the solubility parameter of the polymer, and then to use tabulated results to identify a number of solvents that have solubility parameters close to this value. The list of potential solvents is then narrowed to two or three candidates. Solvents that are too volatile, too toxic, too flammable, too expensive, and so on can be removed from the list. Other criteria would depend on the nature of the studies to be pursued. If the objective is to carry out light-scattering measurements, the need for maximizing the contrast factor would make the index of refraction of the solvent an additional important consideration. 

Unformulated poly (vinyl acetal) resins form hard, unpliable materials which are difficult to process without using solvents or plasticizers. The solubility parameter ranges for some commercially available PVF and PVB resins are listed in Table 1. Plasticizers not only aid resin processing but also lower the glass-transition temperature, T, and can profoundly change other physical properties of the resins. For example, the mechanical glass-transition... 

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