Solubility maps construction

In the modified procedure, the organic solution was distilled under vacuum until the batch concentration exceeded the solubihty limit. In order to avoid undesited spontaneous nucleation, seed was charged at this point and the batch was aged to develop a seed bed. Following the seed age, toluene was fed and THF was distilled continuously under vacuum while maintaining the same batch volume. On completion of the distillation, additional hexane was added to minimize product loss in the mother hquor. The key parameters for this process are construction of the solubility map, determination of the seeding point, and control of the solvent evaporation rate to release the supersatrrration at the proper rate. 

The selection of solvents and solvent blends for use in coatings and inks is based upon solubility/viscosity characteristics and application/performance properties. Published solubility parameters and hydrogen bonding indexes are used to construct two-dimensional solubility maps. Methodology is described, and illustrations are shown. Data are provided on evaporation times of neat solvents, viscosities and dry times of polymer solutions, electrostatic characteristics of solvents, and on selected solvent blend recommendations for several polymers. Unpublished test methods for flow testing and for substrate testing are provided. Combination of the results from these areas provides a viable method for practical solvent blend selection this approach is faster than random trial-and-error and can result in superior, formulated solvent blends. 

For this reason two-dimensional plots are generally made when using the Nelson, Hemwall and Edwards parameter system. In the first instance solubility maps were constructed of the fractional polarity against the Hildebrand solubility parameter, as shown in Figure 2.9. 

Where such a program is available, in principle the following steps have to be taken. For the design of a completely new solvent system, the solubility sphere within a three-dimensional solubility parameter system should either be known or has to be constructed for the solute in question. As a simplification, a solubility map described in the chapter on solvent power (Figure 2.10) may be used [10]. For many polymeric materials these data already exist for the Nelson, Hemwall and Edwards or the Hansen solubility parameter concepts. Alternatively as described in section 2.2 a sphere or map can be constructed. Once the area of solubility is known, suitable solvent blends can be designed with solubility parameters falling within this area. When one has to choose one of the above concepts it should be noted that the idea of a sphere of... 

Construction and use of solubility maps 28 5.1 Principles of health protection 82... 

Further development of this concept (Long and Speight, 1989, 1990, 1997) involved the construction of a different type of compositional map using the molecular weight distribution and the molecular type distribution as coordinates. The separation involved the use of an adsorbent such as clay, and the fractions were characterized by solubility parameter as a measure of the polarity of the molecular types. The molecular weight distribution can be determined by gel... 

Abstract In sensor and microfluidic applications, the need is to have an adequate solvent resistance of polymers to prevent degradation of the substrate surface upon deposition of sensor formilations, to prevent contamination of the solvent-containing sensor formulations or contamination of organic liquid reactions in microfluidic channels. Unfortunately, no comprehensive quantitative reference solubility data of unstressed copolymers is available to date. In this study, we evaluate solvent-resistance of several polycarbonate copolymers prepared from the reaction of hydroqui-none (HQ), resorcinol (RS), and bisphenol A (BPA). Our high-throughput polymer evaluation approach permitted the construction of detailed solvent-resistance maps, the development of quantitative structure-property relationships for BPA-HQ-RS copolymers and provided new knowledge for the further development of the polymeric sensor and microfluidic components. 

If a polymer(s) or resin(s) is dissolved in a true solvent and then titrated with a known diluent, there comes a point when the binder just starts to precipitate out of solution. In most cases, this point is sharply defined and the solution takes on a definite turbidity. The composition of the solvent at this point is assumed to be able to just dissolve the binder and its solubility parameters therefore indicate the absolute minimum acceptable solvent power at this point. By performing this titration and calculation with a variety of solvents and diluents, the limits of solubility of the binder are accurately defined. The construction of a map is then quite straightforward by using the following procedure ... 

Appendix E describes a useful study aid known as concept mapping. Using the methods presented in Appendix E, construct a concept map that links the various factors affecting the solubility of slightly soluble solutes. 

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