Solidification technology

Using rapid solidification technology molten metal is quench cast at a cooling rate up to 10 °C/s as a continuous ribbon. This ribbon is subsequently pulverized to an amorphous powder. RST powders include aluminum alloys, nickel-based superalloys, and nanoscale powders. RST conditions can also exist in powder atomization. 

The majority of ah these classes, even noneutectic ahoys, have been processed successfuhy by rapid solidification technology. This technology provides a beneficial alternative in the form of a flexible ductile foh when materials that are inherently brittle are used. Examples are the nickel—boron—shicon ahoys and many others, when produced using conventional technology (5). 

Rapid solidification technology has been applied to several magnesium alloy systems and extruded material of some of these systems have exhibited excellent corrosion resistance. 

In this process EAF dust, other zinc-bearing wastes, recycled materials, coke or coal, lime, and silica are mixed and fed to a rotary furnace. The zinc and other volatile nonferrous metals in the feed are entrained in the furnace off-gas and are carried from the furnace to an external dust collection system. The resulting oxide (zinc calcine) is a crude zinc-bearing product that is further refined at zinc smelters. A byproduct of the process is a nonhazardous, iron-rich slag that can be used in road construction. Solidification technologies change the physical form of the waste to produce a solid structure in which the contaminant is mechanically trapped. 

N. Grant, Rapid solidification technology, in frontiers in materials technologies, In M.A. Meyers, O.T. Inal, Editor. (1985), Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp. 125-172. 

Z.S. Wronski, Rapid solidification of iron-neodymium-boron magnetic alloys, in rapid solidification technology-an engineering guide, In T.S. Srivatsan, Editor. (1993), Technomic Publishing, Lancaster, Basel, pp. 257-298. 

The four major types of stabilization/solidification technologies included in the RIMS... 

The Stablex process is an ex situ hazardous waste fixation and solidification technology. This technology uses laboratory analyses to select appropriate physical and chemical treatment steps, followed by stabilization and solidification to produce an environmentally secure, nonleachable material. The final Stablex material is placed in landfill cells as a slurry so that it forms a monolith within the cell. 

Conner, J.R. and Hoeffner, S.L. (1998) Critical review of stabilization/solidification technology, Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology 28, 397-462. 

Conner JR, Hoeffner SL (1998) The history of stabilization/solidification technology. Crit Rev Environ Sci Technol 28 325-396... 

Transmet Corporation manufactures flakes by a Rapid Solidification Technology. There are two variations of this method Melt spin and Spinning cup methods. In the Melt spin method, molten metal of any composition (pure metal or alloy) is driven through an orifice and the shape formed in the orifice (continuous sheet) is rapidly cooled on a chilling block. This metal sheet is cut into segments in the form of flakes (square and rectangular), flat fibers, and ribbons of desired... 

Plasma spraying is a rapid solidification technology during which material introduced into a plasma jet will be melted and propelled with high velocity against a... 

In general, it may be concluded that a leach rate in the range of 10" g/(cm day) is probably something like a lower limit unless a substantially different solidification technology is employed. Less leachable products may be high-temperature glasses or ceramics or very sophisticated composites. 

Clelland, D. W., et al. A Review of European High-Level Waste Solidification Technology, Proceedings of the International Symposium on the Management of Wastes from the LWR Fuel Cycle, Denver, 1976, Report CONF-76-0701, p. 137. 

S. Kavesh, Principles of Fabrication, in R. L. Ashbrook (ed.), Rapid Solidification Technologies Sourcebook, pp. 73-106, American Society of Metals, Metals Park, Ohio, 1983. 

J. E. Flinn, Rapid Solidification Technology for Reduced Consumption of Strategic Materials, pp. 29-32, Noyes, Park Ridge, New Jersey, 1985. 

Christensen TH, Kjeldsen P, Bjerg PL, Jensen DL, Christensen JB, Baun A, Albrechtsen H-J and Heron G (2001) Biogeochemistry of landfill leachate plumes. Appl Geochem 15 659—718. Conner JR and Hoeffner SL (1998a) The history of stabilization/solidification technology. Crit Rev. Environ Sd Technol 28 325-396. 

A. Lawley Rapid Solidification Technology Source Book, ASM, Materials Park, (1983). 

An aqneons gel electrolyte has been nsed in dry cells for prevention of leakage of the liqnid electrolyte for a long time. By adding a gelatinizer such as dextrin, starch, cross-linked starch, and carboxymethylcellulose to a liquid electrolyte, the electrolyte changes into semisolid state. As well as the gel for the dry cell, solidification technology is indispensable for the advancement of non-aqueons batteries. 

Composite and Rapid Solidification Technology Critical Materials Requirement of the U.S. Aerospace Industiy P. l86, U.S. Department of Commerce, (Oct., 1981). 

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