Solid state lighting OLEDs

For recent review on white-emitting OLEDs see B.W. D Andrade and S.R. Forrest, White organic light-emitting devices for solid-state lighting, Adv. Mater., 16 1585-1595, 2004. 

OLED Materials and Device Architectures for Full-Color Displays and Solid-State Lighting... 

Phosphorescent (i.e., triplet) organic light-emitting diodes have very high EQEs/ and have been a subject of intense research and development activity worldwide. The realization of required luminous and power efficiencies, as well as long operafional lifetime, will enable phosphorescent OLED application in various displays for consumer electronics and as solid-state lighting sources. 

Hatwar, T. K. and Spindler, J. P. 2008. Development of white OLED technology for application in full-color displays and solid state lighting. In Luminescent Materials and Applications, A. Kitai (ed.), John Wiley Sons, Hoboken, NJ, pp. 111-159. 

Increased use of LEDs rapid developments in OLED for low energy, low-cost solid-state lighting, and TV displays... 

Ir complexes were also used to develop white OLEDs (WOLEDs) for large-scale production of solid-state light sources and backlights in liquid-crystal displays. Several device architectures have been introduced to achieve high brightness and efficiency in WOLEDs. By controlling the recombination current within individual... 

To date, most small molecule-based OLEDs are prepared by vapor deposition of the metal-organic light-emitting molecules. Such molecules must, therefore, be thermally stable, highly fluorescent (in the solid state), form thin films on vacuum deposition, and be capable of transporting electrons. These properties limit the number of metal coordination compounds that can be used in OLED fabrication. 

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